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American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol 24, 1346-1351, Copyright © 1971 by The American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc.

Evidence for a new kidney-produced hormone, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, the proposed biologically active form of vitamin D

Anthony W. Norman Ph.D.1

1 From the Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92502

It has been conclusively shown that vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) must first be metabolized prior to its mediating intestinal calcium transport. The first transformation is conversion of vitamin D3 by the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. This compound is then subsequently metabolized by the kidney to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 is over four times as effective as vitamin D3 and more than twice as effective as 25-OH-vitamin D3 in stimulating intestinal calcium transport. Additionally, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is highly active in stimulating bone calcium resorption. As such, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 likely represents the biologically active form of the vitamin in the intestine and bone. The secretion of this steroid by the kidney and its selective accumulation by the target organs supports the concept that this compound should be regarded as a hormonal regulator of calcium metabolism.




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