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American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol 24, 513-523, Copyright © 1971 by The American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc.

An evaluation of various survival rations

Raymond E. Davenport B.A.1, Joanne K. Spaide M.S.1, and Robert E. Hodges M.D.1

1 From the Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospitals, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52240

Twenty healthy prison inmates were confined to individual cells for a period of 21 days, during which time they received only 1 liter of water daily and one of four diets, each of which provided 1,600 kcal daily.

The diets and groups were: I) a jelly bar, composed almost entirely of carbohydrates, plus a small amount of salt; II) a biscuit composed of a mixture of cereal products; III) a milk-based formula containing 5% calories as protein; and IV) a milk-based formula containing 12 % calories as protein. Three of the men consuming each of these formulas received 4 g sodium chloride daily, whereas the other two men in each formula group received only 2 g sodium chloride daily. Three men in each of the four groups received 1 mg thiamin daily, whereas the remaining two in each group received none.

Clinical evidence of dehydration was least marked in the men receiving the jelly bar diet and became progressively more apparent in the following order; the biscuit diet, the 5% protein formula with 2 g of sodium chloride, the 12% protein formula with 2 g of sodium chloride, the 5% protein formula with 4 g sodium chloride and the 12% protein formula with 4 g sodium chloride.

Hunger and thirst were absent among the men receiving the jelly bars, but thirst was progressively more common in the sequence listed above. There was no evidence that the addition of thiamin to the diet was of any benefit.

Blood levels of ascorbic acid and urinary levels of pantothenic acid, thiamin, pyridoxine, and riboflavin fell progressively, yet specific deficiencies did not appear.

The pure carbohydrate diet with a small amount of salt was the most effective one in preserving water and electrolyte homeostasis, yet it was the least popular of the four diets.




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[Abstract]


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Copyright © 1971 by The American Society for Nutrition