| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol 27, 1052-1058, Copyright © 1974 by The American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc.
1 From the Center for Human Growth and Development, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104
Based on a cross-sectional sample of 12,396 white subjects aged 0 to 44 years, derived from the United States Ten-State Nutrition Survey of 1968-1970, percentiles for right upper arm circumference and triceps skin fold are reported. From these measurements for each individual, the arm muscle diameter, arm muscle circumference, and arm muscle area were calculated. Thereafter, age- and sex-specific percentiles for all three estimates of muscle size were obtained. The development of subcutaneous fat, as indicated by the triceps skin fold, in males is characterized by slow apposition, while in females, is continuous throughout childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Sexual dimorphism in triceps skin fold is defined by the age of 3 years, and by adulthood, females exceed males by 83%. The muscle area in the upper arm during childhood exhibits considerable changes with age. Sexual dimorphism is defined by the age of 13 years, and by adulthood, males exceed females by about 56%. The amount of subcutaneous fat and degree of muscularity in children reflects the individual calorie and protein reserve. However, measurements of subcutaneous fat among populations characterized by a low degree of fatness may not be a sensitive indicator of nutritional status and growth. On the other hand, measurements of muscularity in children do serve as an adequate general index of nutritional status and growth in size.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  L. Trois, E. M. Cardoso, and E. Miura Use of Probiotics in HIV-infected Children: A Randomized Double-blind Controlled Study J Trop Pediatr, February 1, 2008; 54(1): 19 - 24. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. T. Armstrong, C. A. Sklar, M. M. Hudson, and L. L. Robison Long-Term Health Status Among Survivors of Childhood Cancer: Does Sex Matter? J. Clin. Oncol., October 1, 2007; 25(28): 4477 - 4489. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. D. Chowdhury, T. Chakraborti, and T. Ghosh Fat Patterning of Santhal Children--a Tribal Population of West Bengal, India J Trop Pediatr, April 1, 2007; 53(2): 98 - 102. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Graff, T. D Thacher, P. R Fischer, D. Stadler, S. D Pam, J. M Pettifor, C. O Isichei, and S. A Abrams Calcium absorption in Nigerian children with rickets Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2004; 80(5): 1415 - 1421. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Sarhill, F. A. Mahmoud, R. Christie, and A. Tahir Assessment of nutritional status and fluid deficits in advanced cancer American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, November 1, 2003; 20(6): 465 - 473. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. M. Green, Y. A. Grigoriev, B. Nan, J. R. Takashima, P. A. Norkool, G. J. D'Angio, and N. E. Breslow Congestive Heart Failure After Treatment for Wilms' Tumor: A Report From the National Wilms' Tumor Study Group J. Clin. Oncol., April 1, 2001; 19(7): 1926 - 1934. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Rigaud, J. Hassid, A. Meulemans, A. T. Poupard, and A. Boulier A paradoxical increase in resting energy expenditure in malnourished patients near death: the king penguin syndrome Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2000; 72(2): 355 - 360. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Leij-Halfwerk, P. C Dagnelie, J W. O van den Berg, J D. L Wattimena, C. H Hordijk-Luijk, and J. P. Wilson Weight loss and elevated gluconeogenesis from alanine in lung cancer patients1 Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2000; 71(2): 583 - 589. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Groswasser, A. Kahn, B. Bouche, S. Hanquinet, N. Perlmuter, and L. Hessel Needle Length and Injection Technique for Efficient Intramuscular Vaccine Delivery in Infants and Children Evaluated Through an Ultrasonographic Determination of Subcutaneous and Muscle Layer Thickness Pediatrics, September 1, 1997; 100(3): 400 - 400. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R Munro and H Capell Prevalence of low body mass in rheumatoid arthritis: association with the acute phase response Ann Rheum Dis, May 1, 1997; 56(5): 326 - 329. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. E. Lipshultz, S. R. Lipsitz, S. M. Mone, A. M. Goorin, S. E. Sallan, S. P. Sanders, E. J. Orav, R. D. Gelber, and S. D. Colan Female Sex and Higher Drug Dose as Risk Factors for Late Cardiotoxic Effects of Doxorubicin Therapy for Childhood Cancer N. Engl. J. Med., June 29, 1995; 332(26): 1738 - 1744. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Karp, R. Martin, T. Sewell, J. Manni, and A. Heller Growth and Academic Achievement in Inner-City Kindergarten Children: The Relationship of Height, Weight, Cognitive Ability, and Neurodevelopmental Level Clinical Pediatrics, June 1, 1992; 31(6): 336 - 340. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Jung, J. J. M. Kaufman, D. C. Narins, and G. E. Kaufman Skinfold Measurements in Children: A Comparison of Lange and McGaw Calipers Clinical Pediatrics, January 1, 1984; 23(1): 25 - 28. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Meyer The Underweight Adolescent: Etiologic Factors and a Review Clinical Pediatrics, December 1, 1980; 19(12): 819 - 823. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
