American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol 49, 1169-1178, Copyright © 1989 by The American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc

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Dietary carbohydrate-to-fat ratio: influence on whole-body nitrogen retention, substrate utilization, and hormone response in healthy male subjects

LJ McCargar, MT Clandinin, AN Belcastro and K Walker
Nutrition and Metabolism Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.

The effect of a high-carbohydrate and a high-fat diet on nitrogen retention, substrate utilization, and serum hormone concentrations was assessed in six healthy male subjects. Both diets were fed at a level estimated to provide maintenance and 75% maintenance energy requirements. Urine and feces were collected and analyzed for N and energy content. Anthropometric measurements; fasting and postprandial oxygen consumption; and serum levels of glucose, triglycerides, and metabolic hormones were measured. The high-fat diet increased N retention at both energy levels with significance reached at maintenance energy intakes (p less than 0.05). The high-fat diet resulted in less weight loss (p less than 0.05) at low energy and a consistently lower respiratory quotient (p less than 0.05), indicative of increased fat oxidation. The N sparing effect of the high-fat diet did not appear to be explained by hormone levels observed but may be substrate mediated.

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