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American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol 51, 1106-1112, Copyright © 1990 by The American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc

ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry for total-body and regional bone- mineral and soft-tissue composition

RB Mazess, HS Barden, JP Bisek and J Hanson
Lunar Radiation Corp., Madison, WI 53713.

Bone mineral density (BMD) and soft-tissue composition of the total body and major subregions were measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Total body scans were made in 12 young adults (6 male, 6 female) on five occasions at both a medium speed (20 min) and a fast speed (10 min). There were no significant differences in mean results or in precision errors between the two speeds. The precision errors (1 SD) for total body BMD, percent fat in soft tissue (% Fat), fat mass, and lean tissue mass were less than 0.01 g/cm2, 1.4%, 1.0 kg, and 0.8 kg, respectively. These results corresponded to a relative error of 0.8% for total body BMD and 1.5% for lean body mass. Regional BMD and soft-tissue values (arms, legs, trunk) were determined with slightly higher precision errors. Skeletal mineral was 5.8 +/- 0.5% of lean tissue mass (r = 0.96, p less than 0.001). DEXA provides precise composition analysis with a low radiation exposure (less than 0.1 microGy).


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 Diabetes CareHome page
N. Stefan, M. Stumvoll, B. Vozarova, C. Weyer, T. Funahashi, Y. Matsuzawa, C. Bogardus, and P. A. Tataranni
Plasma Adiponectin and Endogenous Glucose Production in Humans
Diabetes Care, December 1, 2003; 26(12): 3315 - 3319.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 ThoraxHome page
C E Bolton, A A Ionescu, W D Evans, R J Pettit, and D J Shale
Altered tissue distribution in adults with cystic fibrosis
Thorax, October 1, 2003; 58(10): 885 - 889.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
M. Torriani, C. Hadigan, M. E. Jensen, and S. Grinspoon
Psoas muscle attenuation measurement with computed tomography indicates intramuscular fat accumulation in patients with the HIV-lipodystrophy syndrome
J Appl Physiol, September 1, 2003; 95(3): 1005 - 1010.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
P. Koutkia, B. Canavan, M. L. Johnson, A. DePaoli, and S. Grinspoon
Characterization of leptin pulse dynamics and relationship to fat mass, growth hormone, cortisol, and insulin
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, August 1, 2003; 285(2): E372 - E379.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
K. V. Haderslev, P. B. Jeppesen, H. A. Sorensen, P. B. Mortensen, and M. Staun
Body composition measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in patients who have undergone small-intestinal resection
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, July 1, 2003; 78(1): 78 - 83.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 DiabetesHome page
N. Stefan, P. Kovacs, M. Stumvoll, R. L. Hanson, A. Lehn-Stefan, P. A. Permana, L. J. Baier, P. A. Tataranni, K. Silver, and C. Bogardus
Metabolic Effects of the Gly1057Asp Polymorphism in IRS-2 and Interactions With Obesity
Diabetes, June 1, 2003; 52(6): 1544 - 1550.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
N. Stefan, M. Stumvoll, C. Bogardus, and P. A. Tataranni
Elevated plasma nonesterified fatty acids are associated with deterioration of acute insulin response in IGT but not NGT
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, June 1, 2003; 284(6): E1156 - E1161.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
J. Svensson, K. Stibrant Sunnerhagen, and G. Johannsson
Five Years of Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy in Adults: Age- and Gender-Related Changes in Isometric and Isokinetic Muscle Strength
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2003; 88(5): 2061 - 2069.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Nutr.Home page
R. A. M. Dhonukshe-Rutten, M. Lips, N. de Jong, M. J. M. Chin A Paw, G. J. Hiddink, M. van Dusseldorp, L. C. P. G. M. de Groot, and W. A. van Staveren
Vitamin B-12 Status Is Associated with Bone Mineral Content and Bone Mineral Density in Frail Elderly Women but Not in Men
J. Nutr., March 1, 2003; 133(3): 801 - 807.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
G. E. van der Ploeg, R. T. Withers, and J. Laforgia
Percent body fat via DEXA: comparison with a four-compartment model
J Appl Physiol, February 1, 2003; 94(2): 499 - 506.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
C. L. Addy, A. Gavrila, S. Tsiodras, K. Brodovicz, A. W. Karchmer, and C. S. Mantzoros
Hypoadiponectinemia Is Associated with Insulin Resistance, Hypertriglyceridemia, and Fat Redistribution in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients Treated with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2003; 88(2): 627 - 636.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
J.-M. Schwarz, P. Linfoot, D. Dare, and K. Aghajanian
Hepatic de novo lipogenesis in normoinsulinemic and hyperinsulinemic subjects consuming high-fat, low-carbohydrate and low-fat, high-carbohydrate isoenergetic diets
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2003; 77(1): 43 - 50.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
S. Blanc, D. Schoeller, J. Kemnitz, R. Weindruch, R. Colman, W. Newton, K. Wink, S. Baum, and J. Ramsey
Energy Expenditure of Rhesus Monkeys Subjected to 11 Years of Dietary Restriction
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2003; 88(1): 16 - 23.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Nephrol Dial TransplantHome page
M. A. Kamimura, C. M. Avesani, M. Cendoroglo, M. E. F. Canziani, S. A. Draibe, and L. Cuppari
Comparison of skinfold thicknesses and bioelectrical impedance analysis with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for the assessment of body fat in patients on long-term haemodialysis therapy
Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., January 1, 2003; 18(1): 101 - 105.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 JAMAHome page
M. R. Blackman, J. D. Sorkin, T. Munzer, M. F. Bellantoni, J. Busby-Whitehead, T. E. Stevens, J. Jayme, K. G. O'Connor, C. Christmas, J. D. Tobin, et al.
Growth Hormone and Sex Steroid Administration in Healthy Aged Women and Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial
JAMA, November 13, 2002; 288(18): 2282 - 2292.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
M. Horlick, S. M Arpadi, J. Bethel, J. Wang, J. Moye Jr, P. Cuff, R. N Pierson Jr, and D. Kotler
Bioelectrical impedance analysis models for prediction of total body water and fat-free mass in healthy and HIV-infected children and adolescents
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2002; 76(5): 991 - 999.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
A. Raben, T. H Vasilaras, A C. Moller, and A. Astrup
Sucrose compared with artificial sweeteners: different effects on ad libitum food intake and body weight after 10 wk of supplementation in overweight subjects
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, October 1, 2002; 76(4): 721 - 729.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Arch. Dis. Child.Home page
I M van der Sluis, M A J de Ridder, A M Boot, E P Krenning, S M P F de Muinck Keizer-Schrama, and Z. Mughal
Reference data for bone density and body composition measured with dual energy x ray absorptiometry in white children and young adults
Arch. Dis. Child., October 1, 2002; 87(4): 341 - 347.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
L. A. Soyka, M. Misra, A. Frenchman, K. K. Miller, S. Grinspoon, D. A. Schoenfeld, and A. Klibanski
Abnormal Bone Mineral Accrual in Adolescent Girls with Anorexia Nervosa
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2002; 87(9): 4177 - 4185.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
W. W Wong, A. C Hergenroeder, J. E Stuff, N. F Butte, E O'B. Smith, and K. J Ellis
Evaluating body fat in girls and female adolescents: advantages and disadvantages of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2002; 76(2): 384 - 389.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
G. Meininger, C. Hadigan, P. Rietschel, and S. Grinspoon
Body-composition measurements as predictors of glucose and insulin abnormalities in HIV-positive men
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2002; 76(2): 460 - 465.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
T. A. Roy, M. R. Blackman, S. M. Harman, J. D. Tobin, M. Schrager, and E. J. Metter
Interrelationships of serum testosterone and free testosterone index with FFM and strength in aging men
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, August 1, 2002; 283(2): E284 - E294.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
K. K. Miller, B. M. K. Biller, J. Hier, E. Arena, and A. Klibanski
Androgens and Bone Density in Women with Hypopituitarism
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2002; 87(6): 2770 - 2776.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
B. A. Kaufman, M. P. Warren, J. E. Dominguez, J. Wang, S. B. Heymsfield, and R. N. Pierson
Bone Density and Amenorrhea in Ballet Dancers Are Related to a Decreased Resting Metabolic Rate and Lower Leptin Levels
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2002; 87(6): 2777 - 2783.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
M.-Y. Song, J. Kim, M. Horlick, J. Wang, R. N. Pierson Jr., M. Heo, and D. Gallagher
Prepubertal Asians have less limb skeletal muscle
J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2002; 92(6): 2285 - 2291.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 DiabetesHome page
N. Stefan, B. Vozarova, T. Funahashi, Y. Matsuzawa, C. Weyer, R. S. Lindsay, J. F. Youngren, P. J. Havel, R. E. Pratley, C. Bogardus, et al.
Plasma Adiponectin Concentration Is Associated With Skeletal Muscle Insulin Receptor Tyrosine Phosphorylation, and Low Plasma Concentration Precedes a Decrease in Whole-Body Insulin Sensitivity in Humans
Diabetes, June 1, 2002; 51(6): 1884 - 1888.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
Q. He, M. Horlick, J. Thornton, J. Wang, R. N. Pierson Jr., S. Heshka, and D. Gallagher
Sex and Race Differences in Fat Distribution among Asian, African-American, and Caucasian Prepubertal Children
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2002; 87(5): 2164 - 2170.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
S. Andrade, S. J. J Lan, E. S Engelson, D. Agin, J. Wang, S. B Heymsfield, and D. P Kotler
Use of a Durnin-Womersley formula to estimate change in subcutaneous fat content in HIV-infected subjects
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, March 1, 2002; 75(3): 587 - 592.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
V. Simha and A. Garg
Body Fat Distribution and Metabolic Derangements in Patients with Familial Partial Lipodystrophy Associated with Mandibuloacral Dysplasia
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2002; 87(2): 776 - 785.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
P. Tessari, R. Barazzoni, E. Kiwanuka, G. Davanzo, G. De Pergola, R. Orlando, M. Vettore, and M. Zanetti
Impairment of albumin and whole body postprandial protein synthesis in compensated liver cirrhosis
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, February 1, 2002; 282(2): E304 - E311.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical SciencesHome page
M. Zamboni, E. Zoico, P. Tosoni, A. Zivelonghi, A. Bortolani, S. Maggi, V. Di Francesco, and O. Bosello
Relation Between Vitamin D, Physical Performance, and Disability in Elderly Persons
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., January 1, 2002; 57(1): M7 - 11.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
A. B. Sopher, J. C. Thornton, M. E. Silfen, A. Manibo, S. E. Oberfield, J. Wang, R. N. Pierson Jr., L. S. Levine, and M. Horlick
Prepubertal Girls with Premature Adrenarche Have Greater Bone Mineral Content and Density Than Controls
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2001; 86(11): 5269 - 5272.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am J Sports MedHome page
H. I. Magnusson, N. E. Westlin, F. Nyqvist, P. Gardsell, E. Seeman, and M. K. Karlsson
Abnormally Decreased Regional Bone Density in Athletes with Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome
Am. J. Sports Med., November 1, 2001; 29(6): 712 - 715.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
G. Gotherstrom, J. Svensson, J. Koranyi, M. Alpsten, I. Bosaus, B.-A. Bengtsson, and G. Johannsson
A Prospective Study of 5 Years of GH Replacement Therapy in GH-Deficient Adults: Sustained Effects on Body Composition, Bone Mass, and Metabolic Indices
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2001; 86(10): 4657 - 4665.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
J. Koranyi, J. Svensson, G. Gotherstrom, K. S. Sunnerhagen, B.-A. Bengtsson, and G. Johannsson
Baseline Characteristics and the Effects of Five Years of GH Replacement Therapy in Adults with GH Deficiency of Childhood or Adulthood Onset: A Comparative, Prospective Study
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2001; 86(10): 4693 - 4699.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
S. Grinspoon, C. Corcoran, T. Stanley, J. Rabe, and S. Wilkie
Mechanisms of Androgen Deficiency in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Women with the Wasting Syndrome
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2001; 86(9): 4120 - 4126.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
R. E. Van Pelt, F. A. Dinneno, D. R. Seals, and P. P. Jones
Age-related decline in RMR in physically active men: relation to exercise volume and energy intake
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, September 1, 2001; 281(3): E633 - E639.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.Home page
E. ISHIMURA, S. OKUNO, M. KIM, T. YAMAMOTO, T. IZUMOTANI, T. OTOSHI, T. SHOJI, M. INABA, and Y. NISHIZAWA
Increasing Body Fat Mass in the First Year of Hemodialysis
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., September 1, 2001; 12(9): 1921 - 1926.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Endocr. Rev.Home page
W. M. Drake, S. J. Howell, J. P. Monson, and S. M. Shalet
Optimizing GH Therapy in Adults and Children
Endocr. Rev., August 1, 2001; 22(4): 425 - 450.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
J. C. Lo, K. Mulligan, M. A. Noor, J.-M. Schwarz, R. A. Halvorsen, C. Grunfeld, and M. Schambelan
The Effects of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone on Body Composition and Glucose Metabolism in HIV-Infected Patients with Fat Accumulation
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2001; 86(8): 3480 - 3487.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Arch. Dis. Child.Home page
R H M Haslam, D J Borovnicar, D B Stroud, B J G Strauss, and J E Bines
Correlates of prepubertal bone mineral density in cystic fibrosis
Arch. Dis. Child., August 1, 2001; 85(2): 166 - 171.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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