American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol 52, 933-937, Copyright © 1990 by The American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc

ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Dietary habits of smokers, people who never smoked, and exsmokers

A Morabia and EL Wynder
American Health Foundation, New York.

A large database on hospital patients with illnesses not related to tobacco or alcohol was used to investigate the dietary habits of males and females who never smoked, who were exsmokers, and who currently smoked. Smoking was positively related to meat consumption and negatively related to cereal consumption in males. Both male and female smokers consumed fewer vegetables and fruits but more alcohol and coffee than did people who never smoked. Exsmokers' diets were similar to those of people who never smoked. These results emphasize the importance of ruling out potential confounders or effect modifiers when studying the role of meat, milk, fruits, vegetables, cereal, coffee, or alcohol intake in the etiology of tobacco-related diseases.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				W.-P. Koh, J.-M. Yuan, C.-L. Sun, H.-P. Lee, and M. C. Yu Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Men and Women in Singapore Who Smoke Have Less Healthy Diets and Lifestyles than Nonsmokers J. Nutr., October 1, 2005; 135(10): 2473 - 2477. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J.K. Field and J.H. Youngson The Liverpool Lung Project: a molecular epidemiological study of early lung cancer detection Eur. Respir. J., August 1, 2002; 20(2): 464 - 479. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. P. A. Zeegers, R. A. Goldbohm, and P. A. van den Brandt Consumption of Vegetables and Fruits and Urothelial Cancer Incidence: a Prospective Study Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., November 1, 2001; 10(11): 1121 - 1128. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Haukkala, M. Laaksonen, and A. Uutela Smokers who do not want to quit - Is consonant smoking related to lifestyle and socioeconomic factors? Scand J Public Health, July 1, 2001; 29(3): 226 - 232. [Abstract] [PDF]

				U. Palaniappan, L. J. Starkey, J. O'Loughlin, and K. Gray-Donald Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Is Lower and Saturated Fat Intake Is Higher among Canadians Reporting Smoking J. Nutr., July 1, 2001; 131(7): 1952 - 1958. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Seow, W.-T. Poh, M. Teh, P. Eng, Y.-T. Wang, W.-C. Tan, M. C. Yu, and H.-P. Lee Fumes from Meat Cooking and Lung Cancer Risk in Chinese Women Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., November 1, 2000; 9(11): 1215 - 1221. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				J. C King Determinants of maternal zinc status during pregnancy Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 2000; 71(5): 1334S - 1343. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Lykkesfeldt, S. Christen, L. M Wallock, H. H Chang, R. A Jacob, and B. N Ames Ascorbate is depleted by smoking and repleted by moderate supplementation: a study in male smokers and nonsmokers with matched dietary antioxidant intakes1 Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2000; 71(2): 530 - 536. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. S. Anderson and K. Hunt Who are the 'healthy eaters'? Eating patterns and health promotion in the west of Scotland Health Education Journal, January 1, 1992; 51(1): 3 - 10. [Abstract] [PDF]