American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol 53, 1191-1196, Copyright © 1991 by The American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc

ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Dietary treatment for familial hypercholesterolemia--differential effects of dietary soy protein according to the apolipoprotein E phenotypes

A Gaddi, A Ciarrocchi, A Matteucci, S Rimondi, G Ravaglia, GC Descovich and CR Sirtori
Atherosclerosis Center, University of Bologna, Italy.

Familial hypercholesterolemia, one form of type IIa hyperlipidemia, usually responds poorly to standard low-lipid diets. To define the responsiveness to a soy-protein diet in this disease, one homozygous and twenty heterozygous type IIa patients were submitted to a 4-wk traditional hypocholesterolemic diet followed by 4 wk in which animal protein was substituted with texturized soy protein. Soy was then withdrawn for a further 4 wk. No significant changes in plasma lipids were observed during low-lipid diets. The soy diet, however, caused a marked decrease in total (-20.8%) and low-density-lipoprotein (-25.8%) cholesterol and in apolipoprotein B (-14.1%). The plasma cholesterol reduction was higher in patients with apolipoprotein E3/E3 or E3/E4 vs an almost negligible effect on E3/E2. These results confirm that soy- protein diets can lower cholesterol in type IIa patients with familial disease. Data on the sensitivity of patients with different apo-E isoforms agree with recent hypotheses suggesting that soy proteins may activate B,E receptors.

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