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American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol 54, 193S-201S, Copyright © 1991 by The American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc

REVIEW ARTICLES

Can colon cancer incidence and death rates be reduced with calcium and vitamin D?

CF Garland, FC Garland and ED Gorham
Department of Community and Family Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0607.

It was proposed in 1980 that vitamin D and calcium could reduce the risk of colon cancer. This assertion was based on the decreasing gradient of mortality rates from north to south, suggesting a mechanism related to a favorable influence of ultraviolet-induced vitamin D metabolites on metabolism of calcium. A 19-y prospective study of 1954 Chicago men found that a dietary intake of greater than 3.75 micrograms vitamin D/d was associated with a 50% reduction in the incidence of colorectal cancer, whereas an intake of greater than or equal to 1200 mg Ca/d was associated with a 75% reduction. Clinical and laboratory studies further support these findings. A nested case-control study based on serum drawn from a cohort of 25,620 individuals reported that moderately elevated concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, in the range 65-100 nmol/L, were associated with large reductions (P less than 0.05) in the incidence of colorectal cancer.


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