American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol 54, 69-80, Copyright © 1991 by The American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc

ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Studies in human lactation: milk composition and daily secretion rates of macronutrients in the first year of lactation

JC Allen, RP Keller, P Archer and MC Neville
Department of Physiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver 80262.

Time-dependent changes in milk composition and secretion from pregnancy through greater than or equal to 6 mo of exclusive breast-feeding were studied in 13 multiparous women. Concentrations and secretion rates of lipid, lactose, protein, sodium, chloride, potassium, total calcium, ionized calcium, magnesium, glucose, citrate, inorganic phosphate, creatinine, and urea and pH were analyzed longitudinally from day 6 until weaning commenced. The composition of the antepartum secretion was related to the permeability of the junctional complexes between mammary cells. Significant increases in lactose, glucose, pH, and ionized calcium and significant decreases in protein, sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium concentrations were observed between 1 and 6 mo. Significant differences among individuals, which persisted through lactation, were observed for the concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, and inorganic phosphate. The amount of lactose, ionized calcium, and magnesium transferred to the infant was also characteristic of each mother-infant pair. Our data imply that lactation performance is determined in the first month postpartum.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				T. D. Russell, C. A. Palmer, D. J. Orlicky, E. S. Bales, B. H.-J. Chang, L. Chan, and J. L. McManaman Mammary glands of adipophilin-null mice produce an amino-terminally truncated form of adipophilin that mediates milk lipid droplet formation and secretion J. Lipid Res., January 1, 2008; 49(1): 206 - 216. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Wan, A. Saghatelian, L.-W. Chong, C.-L. Zhang, B. F. Cravatt, and R. M. Evans Maternal PPAR{gamma} protects nursing neonates by suppressing the production of inflammatory milk Genes & Dev., August 1, 2007; 21(15): 1895 - 1908. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. D. Russell, C. A. Palmer, D. J. Orlicky, A. Fischer, M. C. Rudolph, M. C. Neville, and J. L. McManaman Cytoplasmic lipid droplet accumulation in developing mammary epithelial cells: roles of adipophilin and lipid metabolism J. Lipid Res., July 1, 2007; 48(7): 1463 - 1475. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. U. Hartmann, B. Wigdahl, E. B. Neely, C. M. Berlin, C.-L. Schengrund, H.-M. Lin, and M. K. Howett Biochemical Analysis of Human Milk Treated With Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate, an Alkyl Sulfate Microbicide That Inactivates Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 J Hum Lact, February 1, 2006; 22(1): 61 - 74. [Abstract] [PDF]

				A. Martin-Hidalgo, L. Huerta, N. Alvarez, G. Alegria, M. del Val Toledo, and E. Herrera Expression, activity, and localization of hormone-sensitive lipase in rat mammary gland during pregnancy and lactation J. Lipid Res., April 1, 2005; 46(4): 658 - 668. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. K. Ghosh, L. Kuhn, J. West, K. Semrau, D. Decker, D. M. Thea, and G. M. Aldrovandi Quantitation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Breast Milk J. Clin. Microbiol., June 1, 2003; 41(6): 2465 - 2470. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. L. Schwertfeger, J. L. McManaman, C. A. Palmer, M. C. Neville, and S. M. Anderson Expression of constitutively activated Akt in the mammary gland leads to excess lipid synthesis during pregnancy and lactation J. Lipid Res., June 1, 2003; 44(6): 1100 - 1112. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Nakamura, H. Kawase, K. Kimura, Y. Watanabe, M. Ohtani, I. Arai, and T. Urashima Concentrations of Sialyloligosaccharides in Bovine Colostrum and Milk during the Prepartum and Early Lactation J Dairy Sci, April 1, 2003; 86(4): 1315 - 1320. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. J. Begg, S. B. Duffull, L. P. Hackett, and K. F. Ilett Studying Drugs in Human Milk: Time to Unify the Approach J Hum Lact, November 1, 2002; 18(4): 323 - 332. [Abstract] [PDF]

				J. G. Dorea Magnesium in Human Milk J. Am. Coll. Nutr., April 1, 2000; 19(2): 210 - 219. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. D. Semba, N. Kumwenda, T. E. Taha, D. R. Hoover, Y. Lan, W. Eisinger, L. Mtimavalye, R. Broadhead, P. G. Miotti, L. Van Der Hoeven, et al. Mastitis and Immunological Factors in Breast Milk of Lactating Women in Malawi Clin. Vaccine Immunol., September 1, 1999; 6(5): 671 - 674. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. M Filteau, A. L Rice, J. J Ball, J Chakraborty, R. Stoltzfus, A. de Francisco, and J. F Willumsen Breast milk immune factors in Bangladeshi women supplemented postpartum with retinol or {beta}-carotene Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 1999; 69(5): 953 - 958. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. G. Dorea and E. Myazaki Calcium and Phosphorus in Milk of Brazilian Mothers Using Oral Contraceptives J. Am. Coll. Nutr., December 1, 1998; 17(6): 642 - 646. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]