American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol 55, 943-949, Copyright © 1992 by The American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc

ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Associations of body fat and its distribution with dietary intake, physical activity, alcohol, and smoking in blacks and whites

ML Slattery, A McDonald, DE Bild, BJ Caan, JE Hilner, DR Jacobs Jr and K Liu
Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84132.

Cross-sectional associations between body fat and its distribution and environmental factors influencing energy balance were examined in 5115 young adults. Protein was directly associated with body mass index (BMI) in all race and sex groups (P less than 0.01) after age, education, cigarette-smoking status, alcohol intake, and physical activity were adjusted for. Carbohydrate intake was inversely associated with BMI in males (P = 0.02). Total physical activity was inversely associated with BMI in white women and with skinfold- thickness measures (P less than 0.01) in all groups. Waist-to-hip- circumference ratio (WHCR) was positively associated with total kilojoules (kilocalories) in women, inversely associated with percent of kilojoules (kilocalories) from carbohydrates in whites, grams of crude fiber/4184 kJ (1000 kcal) (except in black men), and physical activity (except in white women). WHCR was directly associated with cigarette smoking except in black men, and with total alcohol intake in men. Beer was consistently associated with WHCR in all race and sex groups.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				I. Baik and C. Shin Prospective study of alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 2008; 87(5): 1455 - 1463. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Halkjaer, A. Tjonneland, B. L Thomsen, K. Overvad, and T. I. Sorensen Intake of macronutrients as predictors of 5-y changes in waist circumference. Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, October 1, 2006; 84(4): 789 - 797. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. E.R. Warburton, C. W. Nicol, and S. S.D. Bredin Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence. Can. Med. Assoc. J., March 14, 2006; 174(6): 801 - 809. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. A. Bowman, S. L. Gortmaker, C. B. Ebbeling, M. A. Pereira, and D. S. Ludwig Effects of Fast-Food Consumption on Energy Intake and Diet Quality Among Children in a National Household Survey Pediatrics, January 1, 2004; 113(1): 112 - 118. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. R. Greenfield, K. Samaras, A. B. Jenkins, P. J. Kelly, T. D. Spector, and L. V. Campbell Moderate Alcohol Consumption, Dietary Fat Composition, and Abdominal Obesity in Women: Evidence for Gene-Environment Interaction J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2003; 88(11): 5381 - 5386. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. M. Dorn, K. Hovey, P. Muti, J. L. Freudenheim, M. Russell, T. H. Nochajski, and M. Trevisan Alcohol Drinking Patterns Differentially Affect Central Adiposity as Measured by Abdominal Height in Women and Men J. Nutr., August 1, 2003; 133(8): 2655 - 2662. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Yao, M. A McCrory, G. Ma, K. L Tucker, S. Gao, P. Fuss, and S. B Roberts Relative influence of diet and physical activity on body composition in urban Chinese adults Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2003; 77(6): 1409 - 1416. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Lahti-Koski, P. Pietinen, M. Heliovaara, and E. Vartiainen Associations of body mass index and obesity with physical activity, food choices, alcohol intake, and smoking in the 1982-1997 FINRISK Studies Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 2002; 75(5): 809 - 817. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Trichopoulou, C. Gnardellis, A. Lagiou, V. Benetou, A. Naska, and D. Trichopoulos Physical activity and energy intake selectively predict the waist-to-hip ratio in men but not in women Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2001; 74(5): 574 - 578. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. S. Kahn Wine and Mortality Ann Intern Med, July 3, 2001; 135(1): 66 - 66. [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. A Sargeant, K.-T. Khaw, S. Bingham, N. E Day, R. N Luben, S. Oakes, A. Welch, and N. J Wareham Cigarette smoking and glycaemia: the EPIC-Norfolk Study Int. J. Epidemiol., June 1, 2001; 30(3): 547 - 554. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Samaras, P. J. Kelly, M. N. Chiano, T. D. Spector, and L. V. Campbell Genetic and Environmental Influences on Total-Body and Central Abdominal Fat: The Effect of Physical Activity in Female Twins Ann Intern Med, June 1, 1999; 130(11): 873 - 882. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Thune, T. Brenn, E. Lund, and M. Gaard Physical Activity and the Risk of Breast Cancer N. Engl. J. Med., May 1, 1997; 336(18): 1269 - 1275. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Samaras, T. D. Spector, T. V. Nguyen, K. Baan, L. V. Campbell, and P. J. Kelly Independent Genetic Factors Determine the Amount and Distribution of Fat in Women after the Menopause J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 1997; 82(3): 781 - 785. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]