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American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol 56, 320-328, Copyright © 1992 by The American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc

REVIEW ARTICLES

Effects of weight reduction on blood lipids and lipoproteins: a meta- analysis

AM Dattilo and PM Kris-Etherton
Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens 30602.

Studies designed to examine effects of weight reduction by dieting on total cholesterol (TC), low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), very-low-density- lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), and triglycerides (TGs) have reported inconsistent results. The purpose of this study was to quantify effects of weight loss by dieting on lipids and lipoproteins through the review method of meta-analysis. Results from the 70 studies analyzed indicated that weight reduction was associated with significant decreases (P less than or equal to 0.001) and correlations (P less than or equal to 0.05) for TC (r = 0.32), LDL-C (r = 0.29), VLDL-C (r = 0.38), and TG (r = 0.32). For every kilogram decrease in body weight, a 0.009-mmol/L increase (P less than or equal to 0.01) in HDL-C occurred for subjects at a stabilized, reduced weight and a 0.007-mmol/L decrease (P less than or equal to 0.05) for subjects actively losing weight. Our results indicate that weight reduction through dieting can be a viable approach to help normalize plasma lipids and lipoproteins in overweight individuals.


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 JAMAHome page
M. L. Irwin, Y. Yasui, C. M. Ulrich, D. Bowen, R. E. Rudolph, R. S. Schwartz, M. Yukawa, E. Aiello, J. D. Potter, and A. McTiernan
Effect of Exercise on Total and Intra-abdominal Body Fat in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
JAMA, January 15, 2003; 289(3): 323 - 330.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
M. Laidlaw and B. J Holub
Effects of supplementation with fish oil-derived n-3 fatty acids and {gamma}-linolenic acid on circulating plasma lipids and fatty acid profiles in women
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2003; 77(1): 37 - 42.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Clin. Pathol.Home page
M Labib
The investigation and management of obesity
J. Clin. Pathol., January 1, 2003; 56(1): 17 - 25.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Anesth. Analg.Home page
B. O. Ogunnaike, S. B. Jones, D. B. Jones, D. Provost, and C. W. Whitten
Anesthetic Considerations for Bariatric Surgery
Anesth. Analg., December 1, 2002; 95(6): 1793 - 1805.
[Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Nutr.Home page
G. A. Bray, J. C. Lovejoy, S. R. Smith, J. P. DeLany, M. Lefevre, D. Hwang, D. H. Ryan, and D. A. York
The Influence of Different Fats and Fatty Acids on Obesity, Insulin Resistance and Inflammation
J. Nutr., September 1, 2002; 132(9): 2488 - 2491.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Am. Coll. Nutr.Home page
D. C. Nieman, D. W. Brock, D. Butterworth, A. C. Utter, and C. C. Nieman
Reducing Diet and/or Exercise Training Decreases the Lipid and Lipoprotein Risk Factors of Moderately Obese Women
J. Am. Coll. Nutr., August 1, 2002; 21(4): 344 - 350.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Nutr.Home page
N. Mendez-Sanchez, V. Gonzalez, A. C. King-Martinez, H. Sanchez, and M. Uribe
Plasma Leptin and the Cholesterol Saturation of Bile Are Correlated in Obese Women after Weight Loss
J. Nutr., August 1, 2002; 132(8): 2195 - 2198.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Nutr.Home page
M. J. Sharman, W. J. Kraemer, D. M. Love, N. G. Avery, A. L. Gomez, T. P. Scheett, and J. S. Volek
A Ketogenic Diet Favorably Affects Serum Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Disease in Normal-Weight Men
J. Nutr., July 1, 2002; 132(7): 1879 - 1885.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
E. J Schaefer
Lipoproteins, nutrition, and heart disease
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2002; 75(2): 191 - 212.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Int J EpidemiolHome page
S Houterman, W. Verschuren, C. Oomen, C. Boersma-Cobbaert, and D Kromhout
Trends in total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol and their determinants in The Netherlands between 1993 and 1997
Int. J. Epidemiol., October 1, 2001; 30(5): 1063 - 1070.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
R. U Almario, V. Vonghavaravat, R. Wong, and S. E Kasim-Karakas
Effects of walnut consumption on plasma fatty acids and lipoproteins in combined hyperlipidemia
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, July 1, 2001; 74(1): 72 - 79.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
E. Obarzanek, F. M Sacks, W. M Vollmer, G. A Bray, E. R Miller III, P.-H. Lin, N. M Karanja, M. M Most-Windhauser, T. J Moore, J. F Swain, et al.
Effects on blood lipids of a blood pressure-lowering diet: the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Trial
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, July 1, 2001; 74(1): 80 - 89.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
M. Raeini-Sarjaz, C. A Vanstone, A. A Papamandjaris, L. J Wykes, and P. J. Jones
Comparison of the effect of dietary fat restriction with that of energy restriction on human lipid metabolism
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2001; 73(2): 262 - 267.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J Am Coll CardiolHome page
M. B. Olson, S. F. Kelsey, V. Bittner, S. E. Reis, N. Reichek, E. M. Handberg, C. N. Bairey Merz, and for the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE
Weight cycling and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in women: evidence of an adverse effect: A report from the NHLBI-sponsored WISE study
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 1, 2000; 36(5): 1565 - 1571.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Am. Coll. Nutr.Home page
J. W. Anderson, E. C. Konz, and D. J. A. Jenkins
Health Advantages and Disadvantages of Weight-Reducing Diets: A Computer Analysis and Critical Review
J. Am. Coll. Nutr., October 1, 2000; 19(5): 578 - 590.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Arch Intern MedHome page
J. A. Metz, J. S. Stern, P. Kris-Etherton, M. E. Reusser, C. D. Morris, D. C. Hatton, S. Oparil, R. B. Haynes, L. M. Resnick, F. X. Pi-Sunyer, et al.
A Randomized Trial of Improved Weight Loss With a Prepared Meal Plan in Overweight and Obese Patients: Impact on Cardiovascular Risk Reduction
Arch Intern Med, July 24, 2000; 160(14): 2150 - 2158.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Arch Intern MedHome page
M. Fogelholm, K. Kukkonen-Harjula, A. Nenonen, and M. Pasanen
Effects of Walking Training on Weight Maintenance After a Very-Low-Energy Diet in Premenopausal Obese Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Arch Intern Med, July 24, 2000; 160(14): 2177 - 2184.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 ANN INTERN MEDHome page
R. Ross, D. Dagnone, P. J.H. Jones, H. Smith, A. Paddags, R. Hudson, and I. Janssen
Reduction in Obesity and Related Comorbid Conditions after Diet-Induced Weight Loss or Exercise-Induced Weight Loss in Men: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Ann Intern Med, July 18, 2000; 133(2): 92 - 103.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Am. Coll. Nutr.Home page
J. S. Volek, A. L. Gomez, and W. J. Kraemer
Fasting Lipoprotein and Postprandial Triacylglycerol Responses to a Low-Carbohydrate Diet Supplemented with n-3 Fatty Acids
J. Am. Coll. Nutr., June 1, 2000; 19(3): 383 - 391.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
M. Noakes and P. M Clifton
Changes in plasma lipids and other cardiovascular risk factors during 3 energy-restricted diets differing in total fat and fatty acid composition
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, March 1, 2000; 71(3): 706 - 712.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Arch Fam MedHome page
J. Hauptman, C. Lucas, M. N. Boldrin, H. Collins, and K. R. Segal
Orlistat in the Long-term Treatment of Obesity in Primary Care Settings
Arch Fam Med, February 1, 2000; 9(2): 160 - 167.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Am. Coll. Nutr.Home page
K. C. Maki, M. H. Davidson, M. S. Cyrowski, A. C. Maki, and P. Marx
Low-Density Lipoprotein Subclass Distribution Pattern and Adiposity-Associated Dyslipidemia in Postmenopausal Women
J. Am. Coll. Nutr., February 1, 2000; 19(1): 23 - 30.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Nutr.Home page
M. Di Buono, J. S. Hannah, L. I. Katzel, and P. J. H. Jones
Weight Loss Due to Energy Restriction Suppresses Cholesterol Biosynthesis in Overweight, Mildly Hypercholesterolemic Men
J. Nutr., August 1, 1999; 129(8): 1545 - 1548.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 Evid. Based Nurs.Home page
K. James
Exercise plus diet improved cholesterol concentrations in high risk adults
Evid. Based Nurs., April 1, 1999; 2(2): 45 - 45.
[Full Text]

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R. E. Andersen, T. A. Wadden, S. J. Bartlett, B. Zemel, T. J. Verde, and S. C. Franckowiak
Effects of Lifestyle Activity vs Structured Aerobic Exercise in Obese Women: A Randomized Trial
JAMA, January 27, 1999; 281(4): 335 - 340.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 DTBHome page
Why and how should adults lose weight?
DTB, December 1, 1998; 36(12): 89 - 92.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 NEJMHome page
M. L. Stefanick, S. Mackey, M. Sheehan, N. Ellsworth, W. L. Haskell, and P. D. Wood
Effects of Diet and Exercise in Men and Postmenopausal Women with Low Levels of HDL Cholesterol and High Levels of LDL Cholesterol
N. Engl. J. Med., July 2, 1998; 339(1): 12 - 20.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 BMJHome page
J L Tang, J M Armitage, T Lancaster, C A Silagy, G H Fowler, H A W Neil, G. D. Smith, and S. Ebrahim
Systematic review of dietary intervention trials to lower blood total cholesterol in free-living subjects • Commentary: Dietary change, cholesterol reduction, and the public health---what does meta-analysis add?
BMJ, April 18, 1998; 316(7139): 1213 - 1220.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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R. H. Knopp, C. E. Walden, B. M. Retzlaff, B. S. McCann, A. A. Dowdy, J. J. Albers, G. O. Gey, and M. N. Cooper
Long-term Cholesterol-Lowering Effects of 4 Fat-Restricted Diets in Hypercholesterolemic and Combined Hyperlipidemic Men: The Dietary Alternatives Study
JAMA, November 12, 1997; 278(18): 1509 - 1515.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
W. J. Kraemer, J. S. Volek, K. L. Clark, S. E. Gordon, T. Incledon, S. M. Puhl, N. T. Triplett-McBride, J. M. McBride, M. Putukian, and W. J. Sebastianelli
Physiological adaptations to a weight-loss dietary regimen and exercise programs in women
J Appl Physiol, July 1, 1997; 83(1): 270 - 279.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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