American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol 56, 343-352, Copyright © 1992 by The American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc

ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Daily energy expenditure in free-living children: comparison of heart- rate monitoring with the doubly labeled water (2H2(18)O) method

MB Livingstone, WA Coward, AM Prentice, PS Davies, JJ Strain, PG McKenna, CA Mahoney, JA White, CM Stewart and MJ Kerr
Human Nutrition Research Group, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland, UK.

Total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured simultaneously in 36 free- living children aged 7, 9, 12, and 15 y over 10-15 d by the doubly labeled water (DLW) method and for 2-3 separate days by heart-rate (HR) monitoring. The 95% confidence limits of agreement (mean difference +/- 2SD) were -1.99 to +1.44 MJ/d. HR TEE discrepancies ranged from -16.7% to +18.8% with 23 values lying within +/- 10% of DLW TEE estimates. Boys and girls spent 462 +/- 108 and 318 +/- 120 min/d, respectively, in total physical activity (P less than 0.01). Time spent in moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was 68 +/- 37 min/d by younger children (7-9 y) and 34 +/- 24 min/d by older children (12-15 y) (P less than 0.001). Younger boys engaged in MVPA (91 +/- 33 min/d) and vigorous physical activity (VPA) (35 +/- 15 min/d) significantly longer than younger girls (MVPA, 39 +/- 16 min/d, P less than 0.001; VPA, 10 +/- 4 min/d, P less than 0.01) as did older boys (MVPA, 52 +/- 21 min/d; VPA, 30 +/- 18 min/d) compared with older girls (MVPA, 15 +/- 10 min/d; VPA, 8 +/- 5 min/d). HR monitoring provides a close estimation of the TEE of population groups and objective assessment of associated patterns of physical activity.

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