| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol 57, 787S-797S, Copyright © 1993 by The American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc
REVIEW ARTICLES |
KF Gey, UK Moser, P Jordan, HB Stahelin, M Eichholzer and E Ludin
Vitamin Unit, University of Berne, Switzerland.
For the prolongation of life expectancy and reduction of ischemic heart disease (IHD) dietary guidelines generally recommend lowering saturated mammalian fat with partial replacement by vegetable oils and increasing generously vegetables, legumes, and fruits, which provide more essential antioxidants. Plasma antioxidants as assayed in epidemiological studies of complementary type (ie the cross-cultural MONICA Vitamin Substudy reevaluation considering the "Finland-Factor", the Edinburgh Angina-Control Study, and the Basel Prospective Study) consistently revealed an increased risk of IHD (and stroke) at low plasma concentrations of antioxidants, with the rank order as follows: lipid-standardized vitamin E >> carotene = vitamin C > vitamin A, independently of classical IHD risk factors. Decreasing IHD risk through nutrition may be possible when plasma concentrations have the following values: > 27.5-30.0 mumol vitamin E/L, 0.4-0.5 mumol carotene/L, 40-50 mumol vitamin C/L and 2.2-2.8 mumol vitamin A/L. Thus, previous prudent regimens may now be updated, aiming at an optimal status of all essential and synergistically linked antioxidants.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  L. A. M. Zornoff, L. S. Matsubara, B. B. Matsubara, M. P. Okoshi, K. Okoshi, M. Dal Pai-Silva, R. F. Carvalho, A. C. Cicogna, C. R. Padovani, E. L. Novelli, et al. Beta-Carotene Supplementation Attenuates Cardiac Remodeling Induced by One-Month Tobacco-Smoke Exposure in Rats Toxicol. Sci., March 1, 2006; 90(1): 259 - 266. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. A. R. Paiva, R. Novo, B. B. Matsubara, L. S. Matsubara, P. S. Azevedo, M. F. Minicucci, A. O. Campana, and L. A. M. Zornoff {beta}-Carotene Attenuates the Paradoxical Effect of Tobacco Smoke on the Mortality of Rats after Experimental Myocardial Infarction J. Nutr., September 1, 2005; 135(9): 2109 - 2113. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. C. Schafer, T. Wallerath, E. I. Closs, C. Schmidt, P. M. Schwarz, U. Forstermann, and H.-A. Lehr Dexamethasone suppresses eNOS and CAT-1 and induces oxidative stress in mouse resistance arterioles Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 2005; 288(1): H436 - H444. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. J. Padayatty, A. Katz, Y. Wang, P. Eck, O. Kwon, J.-H. Lee, S. Chen, C. Corpe, A. Dutta, S. K Dutta, et al. Vitamin C as an Antioxidant: Evaluation of Its Role in Disease Prevention J. Am. Coll. Nutr., February 1, 2003; 22(1): 18 - 35. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. S Ford, C. Gillespie, C. Ballew, A. Sowell, and D. M Mannino Serum carotenoid concentrations in US children and adolescents Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, October 1, 2002; 76(4): 818 - 827. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. S. Johnston and S. K. Cox Plasma-Saturating Intakes of Vitamin C Confer Maximal Antioxidant Protection to Plasma J. Am. Coll. Nutr., December 1, 2001; 20(6): 623 - 627. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Simon, E. S. Hudes, and J. A. Tice Relation of Serum Ascorbic Acid to Mortality Among US Adults J. Am. Coll. Nutr., June 1, 2001; 20(3): 255 - 263. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Meydani Vitamin E and Atherosclerosis: Beyond Prevention of LDL Oxidation J. Nutr., February 1, 2001; 131(2): 366S - 368. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Fernandez Guinea Pigs as Models for Cholesterol and Lipoprotein Metabolism J. Nutr., January 1, 2001; 131(1): 10 - 20. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Asmis and J. Jelk Vitamin E Supplementation of Human Macrophages Prevents Neither Foam Cell Formation Nor Increased Susceptibility of Foam Cells to Lysis by Oxidized LDL Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., September 1, 2000; 20(9): 2078 - 2086. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. M. R. Broekmans, I. A. A. Klöpping-Ketelaars, C. R. W. C. Schuurman, H. Verhagen, H. van den Berg, F. J. Kok, and G. van Poppel Fruits and Vegetables Increase Plasma Carotenoids and Vitamins and Decrease Homocysteine in Humans J. Nutr., June 1, 2000; 130(6): 1578 - 1583. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. A Riemersma, K. F Carruthers, R. A Elton, and K. A. Fox Vitamin C and the risk of acute myocardial infarction Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 2000; 71(5): 1181 - 1186. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Parthasarathy, N. Santanam, S. Ramachandran, and O. Meilhac Oxidants and antioxidants in atherogenesis: an appraisal J. Lipid Res., December 1, 1999; 40(12): 2143 - 2157. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A.R. Paiva and R. M. Russell {beta}-Carotene and Other Carotenoids as Antioxidants J. Am. Coll. Nutr., October 1, 1999; 18(5): 426 - 433. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. W. Anderson and T. J. Hanna Impact of Nondigestible Carbohydrates on Serum Lipoproteins and Risk for Cardiovascular Disease J. Nutr., July 1, 1999; 129(7): 1457 - 1457. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Ascherio, E. B. Rimm, M. A. Hernan, E. Giovannucci, I. Kawachi, M. J. Stampfer, and W. C. Willett Relation of Consumption of Vitamin E, Vitamin C, and Carotenoids to Risk for Stroke among Men in the United States Ann Intern Med, June 15, 1999; 130(12): 963 - 970. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. R. Miller III, L. J. Appel, and T. H. Risby Effect of Dietary Patterns on Measures of Lipid Peroxidation : Results From a Randomized Clinical Trial Circulation, December 1, 1998; 98(22): 2390 - 2395. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Borel, P. Grolier, N. Mekki, Y. Boirie, Y. Rochette, B. Le Roy, M. C. Alexandre-Gouabau, D. Lairon, and V. Azais-Braesco Low and high responders to pharmacological doses of ß-carotene: proportion in the population, mechanisms involved and consequences on ß-carotene metabolism J. Lipid Res., November 1, 1998; 39(11): 2250 - 2260. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Borel, V. Tyssandier, N. Mekki, P. Grolier, Y. Rochette,, M. C. Alexandre-Gouabau, D. Lairon, and V. Azaïs-Braesco Chylomicron beta -Carotene and Retinyl Palmitate Responses Are Dramatically Diminished When Men Ingest beta -Carotene with Medium-Chain Rather than Long-Chain Triglycerides J. Nutr., August 1, 1998; 128(8): 1361 - 1367. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. A. J. Brouwer, H. T. M. E. Welten, D.-J. Reijngoud, J. J. van Doormaal, and F. A. J. Muskiet Plasma folic acid cutoff value, derived from its relationship with homocyst(e)ine Clin. Chem., July 1, 1998; 44(7): 1545 - 1550. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Lougheed, C. M. Lum, W. Ling, H. Suzuki, T. Kodama, and U. Steinbrecher High Affinity Saturable Uptake of Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein by Macrophages from Mice Lacking the Scavenger Receptor Class A Type I/II J. Biol. Chem., May 16, 1997; 272(20): 12938 - 12944. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Weber, W. Erl, K. Weber, and P. C. Weber Increased Adhesiveness of Isolated Monocytes to Endothelium Is Prevented by Vitamin C Intake in Smokers Circulation, April 15, 1996; 93(8): 1488 - 1492. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. L Burr Explaining the French paradox The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, August 1, 1995; 115(4): 217 - 219. [Abstract]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H.-A. Lehr, B. Frei, A. M. Olofsson, T. E. Carew, and K.-E. Arfors Protection From Oxidized LDL–Induced Leukocyte Adhesion to Microvascular and Macrovascular Endothelium In Vivo by Vitamin C but Not by Vitamin E Circulation, March 1, 1995; 91(5): 1525 - 1532. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. E. Ballmer, W. H. Reinhart, P. Jordan, E. Buhler, U. K. Moser, and K. F. Gey Depletion of plasma vitamin C but not of vitamin E in response to cardiac operations J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., August 1, 1994; 108(2): 311 - 320. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Nakata and N. Maeda Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaque Morphology in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice Unable to Make Ascorbic Acid Circulation, March 26, 2002; 105(12): 1485 - 1490. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
