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American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol 58, 455-462, Copyright © 1993 by The American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc

ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

In vivo measurement of changes in body composition: description of methods and their validation against 12-d continuous whole-body calorimetry

SA Jebb, PR Murgatroyd, GR Goldberg, AM Prentice and WA Coward
MRC Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Cambridge, UK.

The accuracy of a variety of in vivo body-composition techniques (densitometry, total body water, skinfold thicknesses, whole-body impedance and resistance, body mass index, and two three-compartment models) was assessed by comparison with fat balance. Three subjects were overfed and three underfed while confined to a 30-m3 whole-body calorimeter continuously for 12 d. Mean weight changes were +2.90 kg during overfeeding and -3.47 kg during underfeeding. The change in fat mass accounted for 37.1% during overfeeding and 59.3% during underfeeding. In comparison with energy and nitrogen balance, a three- compartment model yielded the least bias and greatest precision. The smallest change in fat mass that can be measured by such a method in an individual subject is 1.54 kg (2 SD). Of the prediction techniques considered, skinfold thicknesses or the body-mass-index formula appear to be more precise than estimates based on resistance or impedance.


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