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American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol 58, 583-588, Copyright © 1993 by The American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc

REVIEW ARTICLES

Nutrition and human physiological adaptations to space flight

HW Lane, AD LeBlanc, L Putcha and PA Whitson
Biomedical Operations and Research Branch, NASA-Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058.

Space flight provides a model for the study of healthy individuals undergoing unique stresses. This review focuses on how physiological adaptations to weightlessness may affect nutrient and food requirements in space. These adaptations include reductions in body water and plasma volume, which affect the renal and cardiovascular systems and thereby fluid and electrolyte requirements. Changes in muscle mass and function may affect requirements for energy, protein and amino acids. Changes in bone mass lead to increased urinary calcium concentrations, which may increase the risk of forming renal stones. Space motion sickness may influence putative changes in gastro-intestinal-hepatic function; neurosensory alterations may affect smell and taste. Some or all of these effects may be ameliorated through the use of specially designed dietary countermeasures.


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