American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol 58, 737S-747S, Copyright © 1993 by The American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc

REVIEW ARTICLES

Intakes and food sources of fructose in the United States

YK Park and EA Yetley
Office of Special Nutritionals, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204.

Examination of the per capita disappearance data for sweeteners and other sources of fructose showed that during the past two decades there was a considerable increase in the availability of free fructose in the food supply. However, the availability of the total amount of fructose, which includes both free and bound fructose, has remained relatively constant. Estimates of the average daily intake of fructose, based on the 1977-78 USDA Nationwide Food Consumption Survey, ranged from 15 g for infants to 54 g for males aged 15-18 y with a mean of 37 g for the total population. These values represent 7-9% of the energy intake (8% for the total population). For most sex/age groups nonalcoholic beverages (eg, soft drinks and fruit-flavored drinks) and grain products (eg, sweet bakery products) were the major sources of fructose; fruits and fruit products were the major sources of naturally occurring fructose; nonalcoholic beverages were the major sources of added fructose.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				S. Kirchner, E. Kwon, A. Muduli, C. Cerqueira, X.-L. Cui, and R. P. Ferraris Vanadate but Not Tungstate Prevents the Fructose-Induced Increase in GLUT5 Expression and Fructose Uptake by Neonatal Rat Intestine J. Nutr., September 1, 2006; 136(9): 2308 - 2313. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				X.-L. Cui, A. M. Schlesier, E. L. Fisher, C. Cerqueira, and R. P. Ferraris Fructose-induced increases in neonatal rat intestinal fructose transport involve the PI3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, June 1, 2005; 288(6): G1310 - G1320. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. J Krilanovich Fructose misuse, the obesity epidemic, the special problems of the child, and a call to action Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2004; 80(5): 1446 - 1447. [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. A Bray, S. J. Nielsen, and B. M Popkin Consumption of high-fructose corn syrup in beverages may play a role in the epidemic of obesity Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, April 1, 2004; 79(4): 537 - 543. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. C. Moore, S. N. Davis, S. L. Mann, and A. D. Cherrington Acute Fructose Administration Improves Oral Glucose Tolerance in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes Care, November 1, 2001; 24(11): 1882 - 1887. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. P Bantle, S. K Raatz, W. Thomas, and A. Georgopoulos Effects of dietary fructose on plasma lipids in healthy subjects Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2000; 72(5): 1128 - 1134. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Dirlewanger, P. Schneiter, E. Jequier, and L. Tappy Effects of fructose on hepatic glucose metabolism in humans Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, October 1, 2000; 279(4): E907 - E911. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. B. Milne and F. H. Nielsen The Interaction Between Dietary Fructose and Magnesium Adversely Affects Macromineral Homeostasis in Men J. Am. Coll. Nutr., February 1, 2000; 19(1): 31 - 37. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. J. Singleton, C. Heiser, K. Jamesen, and R. D. Mattes Sweetener Augmentation of Serum Triacylglycerol during a Fat Challenge Test in Humans J. Am. Coll. Nutr., April 1, 1999; 18(2): 179 - 185. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]