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American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol 59, 401-408, Copyright © 1994 by The American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc

ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Dietary vitamin A intake and the risk of mortality among children

WW Fawzi, MG Herrera, WC Willett, P Nestel, A el Amin, S Lipsitz and KA Mohamed
Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115.

Increased consumption of dietary vitamin A is advocated as a long-term solution to vitamin A deficiency. We prospectively examined the relationship of dietary vitamin A intake and child mortality among 28,753 Sudanese children aged 6 mo to 6 y, who participated in a trial of vitamin A supplementation. After 18 mo of follow-up, 232 children died. Total dietary vitamin A intake was strongly and inversely associated with risk of mortality. The age- and sex-adjusted relative risk (RR) of mortality for a comparison of children in extreme quintiles was 0.35 (95% CIs 0.21-0.60; P for trend over quintiles < 0.0001). Even after possible confounding by socioeconomic variables was adjusted for, vitamin A intake was significantly protective (multi- variate relative risk 0.53). Dietary vitamin A intake was especially protective among children who were wasted and stunted or who had diarrhea or cough. These prospective data support an important role of dietary vitamin A in reducing childhood mortality in developing countries.


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