American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol 61, 1224-1230, Copyright © 1995 by The American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc

ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Total potentially available nucleosides of human milk by stage of lactation

JL Leach, JH Baxter, BE Molitor, MB Ramstack and ML Masor
Abbott Laboratories, Ross Products Division, Columbus, OH 43215, USA.

Human milk-borne ribonucleotides reportedly have important physiological roles in breast-fed infants. Previous studies measured the free nucleotide content of human milk. To more fully evaluate the physiological capacity of nucleotides in human milk, we determined the monomeric and polymeric ribonucleotide and ribonucleoside content of milk pooled from 11 American women. Subsequently, we determined the total potentially available nucleosides (TPAN) of pooled and individual milk samples segregated by stage of lactation from 100 women in three European countries to test for effect of culture and diet. The methodology simulated in vivo digestion. Polymeric ribonucleotide (primarily RNA), monomeric ribonucleotide, and ribonucleoside- containing adducts (eg, uridine diphosphate hexose) were enzymatically hydrolyzed to their constituent ribonucleosides, the preferred form for absorption. Free and enzymatically liberated nucleosides were then measured by HPLC to yield the TPAN value. The mean (+/- SD) TPAN concentration of the 16 pooled European samples, derived from the 100 individual samples, was 189 +/- 70 mumol nucleoside/L human milk (range 82-402 mumol/L). The means (mumol/L human milk) of each nucleoside were 38 for uridine, 88 for cytidine, 31 for guanosine, and 32 for adenosine. These values included the contribution from the cellular portion of human milk. Only one of the 16 pooled samples contained a measurable amount of inosine (4 mumol/L). The potentially available ribonucleosides in the human milk samples were predominantly present as monomeric (36 +/- 10%) and polymeric (48 +/- 8%) nucleotides.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

This article has been cited by other articles:

				A. Singhal, G. Macfarlane, S. Macfarlane, J. Lanigan, K. Kennedy, A. Elias-Jones, T. Stephenson, P. Dudek, and A. Lucas Dietary nucleotides and fecal microbiota in formula-fed infants: a randomized controlled trial Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2008; 87(6): 1785 - 1792. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. J. Saez-Lara, M. Manzano, A. J. Angulo, A. Suarez, M. I. Torres, C. Gomez-Llorente, A. Gil, and L. Fontana Exogenous Nucleosides Stimulate Proliferation of Fetal Rat Hepatocytes J. Nutr., June 1, 2004; 134(6): 1309 - 1313. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. D Carver Advances in nutritional modifications of infant formulas Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2003; 77 (6): 1550S - 1554S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				O. Hernell and B. Lonnerdal Iron status of infants fed low-iron formula: no effect of added bovine lactoferrin or nucleotides Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, October 1, 2002; 76(4): 858 - 864. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. K. Edens, L. A. Reaves, M. S. Bergana, I. L. Reyzer, P. O'Mara, J. H. Baxter, and M. K. Snowden Yeast Extract Stimulates Glucose Metabolism and Inhibits Lipolysis in Rat Adipocytes in Vitro J. Nutr., June 1, 2002; 132(6): 1141 - 1148. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Jyonouchi, S. Sun, T. Winship, and M. J. Kuchan Dietary Ribonucleotides Modulate Type 1 and Type 2 T-Helper Cell Responses against Ovalbumin in Young BALB/cJ Mice J. Nutr., April 1, 2001; 131(4): 1165 - 1170. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. J. Kuchan, K. M. Ostrom, C. Smith, and P. E. Hu Influence of Purine Intake on Uric Acid Excretion in Infants Fed Soy Infant Formulas J. Am. Coll. Nutr., February 1, 2000; 19(1): 16 - 22. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. B. Lasekan, K. M. Ostrom, J. R. Jacobs, M. M. Blatter, L. I. Ndife, W. M. Gooch III, and S. Cho Growth of Newborn, Term Infants Fed Soy Formulas For 1 Year Clinical Pediatrics, October 1, 1999; 38(10): 563 - 571. [Abstract] [PDF]

				L. K. Pickering, D. M. Granoff, J. R. Erickson, M. L. Masor, C. T. Cordle, J. P. Schaller, T. R. Winship, C. L. Paule, and M. D. Hilty Modulation of the Immune System by Human Milk and Infant Formula Containing Nucleotides Pediatrics, February 1, 1998; 101(2): 242 - 249. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]