American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol 64, 101-107, Copyright © 1996 by The American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc

ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

The enzymatic antioxidant system in blood and glutathione status in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients: effects of supplementation with selenium or beta-carotene [published erratum appears in Am J Clin Nutr 1996 Dec;64(6):971]

MC Delmas-Beauvieux, E Peuchant, A Couchouron, J Constans, C Sergeant, M Simonoff, JL Pellegrin, B Leng, C Conri and M Clerc
Laboratoire Biochimie Medicale A, Universite Bordeaux II, France.

To investigate the effects of selenium or beta-carotene supplementation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, who are known to have deficiencies of selenium and vitamin A, we evaluated the blood enzymatic antioxidant system, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), selenodependent glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase (Cat); glutathione (GSH) status; and plasma selenium concentration. The placebo group consisted of 18 HIV-infected patients with no supplementation, the selenium group was composed of 14 patients receiving oral selenium treatment, and the beta-carotene group comprised 13 patients receiving oral beta-carotene supplementation. All groups were studied for 1 y. At the beginning of the study, a significantly higher SOD activity (P < 0.001) was observed in all HIV- infected patients compared with uninfected control subjects, and GPX activity at baseline was higher in the placebo (P < 0.004) and selenium (P < 0.014) groups than in the control subjects. These higher enzyme activities could be related to an increased synthesis of these enzymes in erythrocyte precursors under oxidative stress. Moreover, we observed significantly lower GSH values in all HIV-infected patients than in control subjects at the beginning of the study (P < 0.001). After selenium or beta-carotene supplementation, no significant difference was observed for SOD activity compared with baseline. On the contrary, GPX activity increased significantly after selenium treatment (P < 0.04 between 3 and 6 mo), whereas a slight increase was found after beta- carotene treatment. Similarly, a significant increase in GSH values was observed at 12 mo compared with baseline both after selenium supplementation (P < 0.001) and beta-carotene supplementation (P < 0.01). Because GPX and GSH play an important role in the natural enzymatic defense system in detoxifying hydrogen peroxide in water, selenium supplementation could be of great interest in protecting cells against oxidative stress. The lower efficiency of beta-carotene could be attributed to the seriousness of the pathology at the time of recruitment into the beta-carotene group.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				R. Kupka, F. Mugusi, S. Aboud, G. I Msamanga, J. L Finkelstein, D. Spiegelman, and W. W Fawzi Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of selenium supplements among HIV-infected pregnant women in Tanzania: effects on maternal and child outcomes Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2008; 87(6): 1802 - 1808. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. B Stephensen, G. S Marquis, S. D Douglas, L. A Kruzich, and C. M Wilson Glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and selenium status in HIV-positive and HIV-negative adolescents and young adults Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2007; 85(1): 173 - 181. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Fawzi, G. Msamanga, D. Spiegelman, and D. J. Hunter Studies of Vitamins and Minerals and HIV Transmission and Disease Progression J. Nutr., April 1, 2005; 135(4): 938 - 944. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Kupka, G. I. Msamanga, D. Spiegelman, S. Morris, F. Mugusi, D. J. Hunter, and W. W. Fawzi Selenium Status Is Associated with Accelerated HIV Disease Progression among HIV-1-Infected Pregnant Women in Tanzania J. Nutr., October 1, 2004; 134(10): 2556 - 2560. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. El-Bayoumy, J. P. Richie Jr., T. Boyiri, D. Komninou, B. Prokopczyk, N. Trushin, W. Kleinman, J. Cox, B. Pittman, and S. Colosimo Influence of Selenium-enriched Yeast Supplementation on Biomarkers of Oxidative Damage and Hormone Status in Healthy Adult Males: A Clinical Pilot Study Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., November 1, 2002; 11(11): 1459 - 1465. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Rossi, A. Milzani, I. Dalle-Donne, D. Giustarini, L. Lusini, R. Colombo, and P. Di Simplicio Blood Glutathione Disulfide: In Vivo Factor or in Vitro Artifact? Clin. Chem., May 1, 2002; 48(5): 742 - 753. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Singhal and J. Austin A Clinical Review of Micronutrients in HIV Infection J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care (Chic Ill), April 1, 2002; 1(2): 63 - 75. [Abstract] [PDF]

				I. A. Hininger, A. Meyer-Wenger, U. Moser, A. Wright, S. Southon, D. Thurnham, M. Chopra, H. Van Den Berg, B. Olmedilla, A. E. Favier, et al. No Significant Effects of Lutein, Lycopene or {beta}-Carotene Supplementation on Biological Markers of Oxidative Stress and LDL Oxidizability in Healthy Adult Subjects J. Am. Coll. Nutr., June 1, 2001; 20(3): 232 - 238. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. W. Yusuf Cardiovascular manifestations of HIV infection J R Soc Med, January 11, 2001; 94(11): 609 - 609. [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Palozza, G. Calviello, M. Emilia De Leo, S. Serini, and G. M. Bartoli Canthaxanthin Supplementation Alters Antioxidant Enzymes and Iron Concentration in Liver of Balb/c Mice J. Nutr., May 1, 2000; 130(5): 1303 - 1308. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				J. J. M. Castenmiller, S. T. Lauridsen, L. O. Dragsted, K. H. v. h. Hof, J. P. H. Linssen, and C. E. West {beta}-Carotene Does Not Change Markers of Enzymatic and Nonenzymatic Antioxidant Activity in Human Blood J. Nutr., December 1, 1999; 129(12): 2162 - 2169. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				L. M. Freeman, D. J. Brown, and J. E. Rush Antioxidant Status in Dogs with Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy J. Nutr., December 1, 1998; 128(12): 2768S - 2768. [Full Text]