American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol 66, 232-238, Copyright © 1997 by The American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc

ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Determinants of body composition measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in Dutch children and adolescents

AM Boot, J Bouquet, MA de Ridder, EP Krenning and SM de Muinck Keizer-Schrama
Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands. boot@alkg.azr.nl

Knowledge about body composition is important in metabolic and nutritional studies. In this cross-sectional study the body composition of 403 healthy white Dutch children and adolescents was evaluated by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Possible determinants of body composition were analyzed. In 85 subjects the results of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) were compared with DXA. Fat mass, lean tissue mass, and bone mineral content were greater in older boys and girls. Percentage body fat was greater in older girls but not in boys and it was higher in girls than in boys at all ages. From the age of 14 y boys had higher lean tissue mass and bone mineral content than girls. Tanner stage had a significant relation with body composition in both sexes. Percentage body fat was lower in boys in stage 4 than in stage 3 and was higher in consecutive Tanner stages in girls. After adjustment for age, Tanner stage was significantly positively related to lean tissue mass and bone mineral content in boys and girls and to percentage body fat and fat mass in girls. The profession of the parents and the education of the father had a significant negative correlation with percentage body fat and fat mass in girls (P < 0.01). Physical activity was related to lean tissue mass (P = 0.001) but not to fat mass in boys after adjustment for age. A high correlation and a small difference was found between lean body mass by BIA and lean tissue mass by DXA. Body composition in healthy Dutch children and adolescents is related to age, sex, Tanner stage, socioeconomic status, and physical activity.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				Y. Aggoun, N. J. Farpour-Lambert, L. M. Marchand, E. Golay, A. B.R. Maggio, and M. Beghetti Impaired endothelial and smooth muscle functions and arterial stiffness appear before puberty in obese children and are associated with elevated ambulatory blood pressure Eur. Heart J., March 2, 2008; 29(6): 792 - 799. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. H. Willemsen, S. W. K. de Kort, D. C. M. van der Kaay, and A. C. S. Hokken-Koelega Independent Effects of Prematurity on Metabolic and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Short Small-for-Gestational-Age Children J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2008; 93(2): 452 - 458. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. A. M. Festen, A. van Toorenenbergen, H. J. Duivenvoorden, and A. C. S. Hokken-Koelega Adiponectin Levels in Prepubertal Children with Prader-Willi Syndrome before and during Growth Hormone Therapy J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2007; 92(4): 1549 - 1554. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Kuh, R. Hardy, S. Butterworth, L. Okell, M. Wadsworth, C. Cooper, and A. Aihie Sayer Developmental origins of midlife grip strength: findings from a birth cohort study. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., July 1, 2006; 61(7): 702 - 706. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Tauber, B. Jouret, A. Cartault, N. Lounis, M. Gayrard, C. Marcouyeux, C. Pienkowski, I. Oliver, P. Moulin, P. Otal, et al. Adolescents with Partial Growth Hormone (GH) Deficiency Develop Alterations of Body Composition after GH Discontinuation and Require Follow-Up J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2003; 88(11): 5101 - 5106. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Lazzer, Y. Boirie, A. Bitar, C. Montaurier, J. Vernet, M. Meyer, and M. Vermorel Assessment of energy expenditure associated with physical activities in free-living obese and nonobese adolescents Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, September 1, 2003; 78(3): 471 - 479. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. C. Trombetta, L. T. Batalha, M. U. P. B. Rondon, M. C. Laterza, F. H. S. Kuniyoshi, M. M. G. Gowdak, A. C. P. Barretto, A. Halpern, S. M. F. Villares, and C. E. Negrao Weight loss improves neurovascular and muscle metaboreflex control in obesity Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 7, 2003; 285(3): H974 - H982. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I M van der Sluis, M A J de Ridder, A M Boot, E P Krenning, S M P F de Muinck Keizer-Schrama, and Z. Mughal Reference data for bone density and body composition measured with dual energy x ray absorptiometry in white children and young adults Arch. Dis. Child., October 1, 2002; 87(4): 341 - 347. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. M. van der Sluis, A. M. Boot, E. P. Krenning, S. L. S. Drop, and S. M. P. F. de Muinck Keizer-Schrama Longitudinal Follow-Up of Bone Density and Body Composition in Children with Precocious or Early Puberty before, during and after Cessation of GnRH Agonist Therapy J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2002; 87(2): 506 - 512. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Burman, E. M. Ritzen, and A. C. Lindgren Endocrine Dysfunction in Prader-Willi Syndrome: A Review with Special Reference to GH Endocr. Rev., December 1, 2001; 22(6): 787 - 799. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. J. B. Anderson Calcium Requirements during Adolescence to Maximize Bone Health J. Am. Coll. Nutr., April 1, 2001; 20(2): 186S - 191. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Sun, B. A Gower, A. A Bartolucci, G. R Hunter, R. Figueroa-Colon, and M. I Goran A longitudinal study of resting energy expenditure relative to body composition during puberty in African American and white children Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2001; 73(2): 308 - 315. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. J. Ellis Human Body Composition: In Vivo Methods Physiol Rev, April 1, 2000; 80(2): 649 - 680. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Is Obesity an Outcome of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Administration? Analysis of Growth and Body Composition in 110 Patients with Central Precocious Puberty J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 1999; 84(12): 4480 - 4488. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				Long-Term Outcome after Depot Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Treatment of Central Precocious Puberty: Final Height, Body Proportions, Body Composition, Bone Mineral Density, and Reproductive Function J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 1999; 84(12): 4583 - 4590. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				P. Barbeau, B. Gutin, M. Litaker, S. Owens, S. Riggs, and T. Okuyama Correlates of individual differences in body-composition changes resulting from physical training in obese children Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, April 1, 1999; 69(4): 705 - 711. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Colao, G. Cerbone, R. Pivonello, G. Aimaretti, S. Loche, C. Di Somma, A. Faggiano, G. Corneli, E. Ghigo, and G. Lombardi The Growth Hormone (GH) Response to the Arginine Plus GH-Releasing Hormone Test Is Correlated to the Severity of Lipid Profile Abnormalities in Adult Patients with GH Deficiency J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 1999; 84(4): 1277 - 1282. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				R. Kuromaru, H. Kohno, N. Ueyama, H. M. S. Hassan, S. Honda, and T. Hara Long-Term Prospective Study of Body Composition and Lipid Profiles during and after Growth Hormone (GH) Treatment in Children with GH Deficiency: Gender-Specific Metabolic Effects J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 1998; 83(11): 3890 - 3896. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				A. M. Boot, S. M. P. F. d. M. Keizer-Schrama, H. A. P. Pols, E. P. Krenning, and S. L. S. Drop Bone Mineral Density and Body Composition before and during Treatment with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist in Children with Central Precocious and Early Puberty J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 1998; 83(2): 370 - 373. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				A M Boot, J Bouquet, E P Krenning, and S M P F de Muinck Keizer-Schrama Bone mineral density and nutritional status in children with chronic inflammatory bowel disease Gut, February 1, 1998; 42(2): 188 - 194. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]