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American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol 67, 867-872, Copyright © 1998 by The American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc
ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS |
RA King and DB Bursill
CSIRO Division of Human Nutrition, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia. roger.king@dhn.csiro.au
The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion patterns of the soy isoflavones daidzein and genistein in humans. Six healthy men with a mean age of 37 y and a mean body mass index (in kg/m2) of 24 consumed a soybean flour-based meal on two occasions approximately 6 d apart. Blood samples and total urine were collected at intervals for the measurement of daidzein and genistein with HPLC. Isoflavone concentrations rose slowly and reached maximum values of 3.14 +/- 0.36 micromol/L at 7.42 +/- 0.74 h for daidzein and 4.09 +/- 0.94 micromol/L at 8.42 +/- 0.69 h for genistein. Elimination half-lives were 4.7 +/- 1.1 and 5.7 +/- 1.3 h for daidzein and genistein, respectively. The slow increase in plasma concentrations is consistent with the facilitation of absorption by hydrolysis in the small and large intestines of the glycosidic forms of the isoflavones present in soybean-containing foods to their corresponding aglycones. The rate of urinary excretion of daidzein was greater than that of genistein throughout the postmeal period, with mean recoveries of 62 +/- 6% and 22 +/- 4% (P < 0.001) for daidzein and genistein, respectively. However, the ratio of the areas under the plasma concentration versus time curves for genistein and daidzein was equal to the ratio of the concentrations of the respective isoflavones in the soy meal. It is concluded that the bioavailabilities of daidzein and genistein are similar, not withstanding the difference in urinary excretion.
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C. D. Allred, Y. H. Ju, K. F. Allred, J. Chang, and W. G. Helferich Dietary genistin stimulates growth of estrogen-dependent breast cancer tumors similar to that observed with genistein Carcinogenesis, October 1, 2001; 22(10): 1667 - 1673. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Yamamoto, T. Sobue, S. Sasaki, M. Kobayashi, Y. Arai, M. Uehara, H. Adlercreutz, S. Watanabe, T. Takahashi, Y. Iitoi, et al. Validity and Reproducibility of a Self-Administered Food-Frequency Questionnaire to Assess Isoflavone Intake in a Japanese Population in Comparison with Dietary Records and Blood and Urine Isoflavones J. Nutr., October 1, 2001; 131(10): 2741 - 2747. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 K. D. R. Setchell Soy Isoflavones--Benefits and Risks from Nature's Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) J. Am. Coll. Nutr., October 1, 2001; 20(90005): 354S - 362. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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K. D. R. Setchell, N. M. Brown, P. Desai, L. Zimmer-Nechemias, B. E. Wolfe, W. T. Brashear, A. S. Kirschner, A. Cassidy, and J. E. Heubi Bioavailability of Pure Isoflavones in Healthy Humans and Analysis of Commercial Soy Isoflavone Supplements J. Nutr., April 1, 2001; 131(4): 1362S - 1375. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 S. R. Shelnutt, C. O. Cimino, P. A. Wiggins, and T. M. Badger Urinary Pharmacokinetics of the Glucuronide and Sulfate Conjugates of Genistein and Daidzein Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., April 1, 2000; 9(4): 413 - 419. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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D. R. Doerge, H. C. Chang, M. I. Churchwell, and C. L. Holder Analysis of Soy Isoflavone Conjugation In Vitro and in Human Blood Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Drug Metab. Dispos., March 1, 2000; 28(3): 298 - 307. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. D. R. Setchell Absorption and Metabolism of Soy Isoflavones--from Food to Dietary Supplements and Adults to Infants J. Nutr., March 1, 2000; 130(3): 654 - 654. [Full Text]
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Y. Zhang, G.-J. Wang, T. T. Song, P. A. Murphy, and S. Hendrich Urinary Disposition of the Soybean Isoflavones Daidzein, Genistein and Glycitein Differs among Humans with Moderate Fecal Isoflavone Degradation Activity J. Nutr., May 1, 1999; 129(5): 957 - 962. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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