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American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol 68, 1333S-1346S, Copyright © 1998 by The American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc
REVIEW ARTICLES |
KD Setchell
Clinical Mass Spectrometry Center, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA. setck0@chmcc.org
The importance of estrogens in homeostatic regulation of many cellular and biochemical events is well illustrated by the pathophysiologic changes that occur with estrogen deficiency. Many of the major diseases of Western populations are hormone dependent and epidemiologic data have shown a strong association between their incidence and diet. In particular, the importance of a plant-based diet is evident from the current dietary recommendations that emphasize an increase in the proportion and amount of fruit and vegetables that should be consumed. Although interpretation of the role of individual components of the diet is difficult from epidemiologic and dietary studies, it is recognized that there are many plant-derived bioactive nonnutrients that can confer significant health benefits. Among these phytochemicals is the broad class of nonsteroidal estrogens called phytoestrogens, and in the past decade there has been considerable interest in the role of isoflavones because of their relatively high concentrations in soy protein. The isoflavones in modest amounts of ingested soy protein are biotransformed by intestinal microflora, are absorbed, undergo enterohepatic recycling, and reach circulating concentrations that exceed by several orders of magnitude the amounts of endogenous estrogens. These phytoestrogens and their metabolites have many potent hormonal and nonhormonal activities that may explain some of the biological effects of diets rich in phytoestrogens.
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J. Z. Ilich and J. E. Kerstetter Nutrition in Bone Health Revisited: A Story Beyond Calcium J. Am. Coll. Nutr., June 1, 2000; 19(6): 715 - 737. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. L. Ashton, F. S. Dalais, and M. J. Ball Effect of Meat Replacement by Tofu on CHD Risk Factors Including Copper Induced LDL Oxidation J. Am. Coll. Nutr., June 1, 2000; 19(6): 761 - 767. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. F. Regal, D. G. Fraser, C. E. Weeks, and N. A. Greenberg Dietary Phytoestrogens Have Anti-Inflammatory Activity in a Guinea Pig Model of Asthma Experimental Biology and Medicine, April 1, 2000; 223(4): 372 - 378. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. R. Doerge, H. C. Chang, M. I. Churchwell, and C. L. Holder Analysis of Soy Isoflavone Conjugation In Vitro and in Human Blood Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Drug Metab. Dispos., March 1, 2000; 28(3): 298 - 307. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. D. R. Setchell Absorption and Metabolism of Soy Isoflavones--from Food to Dietary Supplements and Adults to Infants J. Nutr., March 1, 2000; 130(3): 654 - 654. [Full Text]
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R. M. Harris, R. H. Waring, C. J. Kirk, and P. J. Hughes Sulfation of "Estrogenic" Alkylphenols and 17beta -Estradiol by Human Platelet Phenol Sulfotransferases J. Biol. Chem., January 7, 2000; 275(1): 159 - 166. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 S.-J. Su, T.-M. Yeh, H.-Y. Lei, and N.-H. Chow The Potential of Soybean Foods as a Chemoprevention Approach for Human Urinary Tract Cancer Clin. Cancer Res., January 1, 2000; 6(1): 230 - 236. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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D. J.A. Jenkins and C. W.C. Kendall Plant Sterols, Health Claims and Strategies to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk J. Am. Coll. Nutr., December 1, 1999; 18(6): 559 - 562. [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. D. R. Setchell and A. Cassidy Dietary Isoflavones: Biological Effects and Relevance to Human Health J. Nutr., March 1, 1999; 129(3): 758 - 758. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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