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Effect of fruit juice intake on urinary quercetin excretion and biomarkers of antioxidative status^1,2,3

Background: Epidemiologic studies suggest that foods rich in flavonoids might reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Objective: Our objective was to investigate the effect of intake of flavonoid-containing black currant and apple juice on urinary excretion of quercetin and on markers of oxidative status.

Design: This was a crossover study with 3 doses of juice (750, 1000, and 1500 mL) consumed for 1 wk by 4 women and 1 man corresponding to an intake of 4.8, 6.4, and 9.6 mg quercetin/d.

Results: Urinary excretion of quercetin increased significantly with dose and with time. The fraction excreted in urine was 0.29–0.47%. Plasma quercetin did not change with juice intervention. Plasma ascorbate increased during intervention because of the ascorbate in the juice. Total plasma malondialdehyde decreased with time during the 1500-mL juice intervention, indicating reduced lipid oxidation in plasma. Plasma 2-amino-adipic semialdehyde residues increased with time and dose, indicating a prooxidant effect of the juice, whereas erythrocyte 2-amino-adipic semialdehyde and -glutamyl semialdehyde concentrations, Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity, and ferric reducing ability of plasma did not change. Glutathione peroxidase activity increased significantly with juice dose.

Conclusions: Urinary excretion of quercetin seemed to be a small but constant function of quercetin intake. Short-term, high intake of black currant and apple juices had a prooxidant effect on plasma proteins and increased glutathione peroxidase activity, whereas lipid oxidation in plasma seemed to decrease. These effects might be related to several components of the juice and cannot be attributed solely to its quercetin content.

Key Words: Quercetin • urinary excretion • biomarker • human intervention • antioxidative status • malondialdehyde • protein oxidation • apple juice • black currant juice • glutathione peroxidase • flavonoids

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