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Original Research Communications |
Background: The elevation of circulating total homocysteine concentrations in a fasting state is associated with an increased risk of occlusive vascular disease.
Objective: The primary goals of this study were to describe the distribution of serum total homocysteine concentrations in the United States and to test for differences in homocysteine concentrations among sex, age, and race-ethnicity categories.
Design: Using surplus sera from phase 2 of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we measured serum total homocysteine concentrations for a nationally representative sample of 3766 males and 4819 females aged 
12 y.
Results: Age-adjusted geometric mean total homocysteine concentrations were 9.6 and 7.9 mmol/L in non-Hispanic white males and females, 9.8 and 8.2 mmol/L in non-Hispanic black males and females, and 9.4 and 7.4 mmol/L in Mexican American males and females, respectively. Age-adjusted geometric mean total homocysteine concentrations were significantly lower in females than in males in each race-ethnicity group (P < 0.01) and were significantly lower in Mexican American females than in non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black females (P < 0.01). There was a significant age-sex interaction (P < 0.01), reflecting the fact that homocysteine concentrations in females tended to diverge from those in males at younger ages and converge with those in males at older ages.
Conclusions: The first data on homocysteine concentrations in a nationally representative sample of Americans confirm the age and sex differences reported previously in nonrepresentative samples. These data also indicate that differences between Mexican American and non-Hispanic females may influence circulating homocysteine concentrations.
Key Words: Homocysteine concentrations • occlusive vascular disease • age • sex • race • ethnic groups • nutrition surveys • adolescents • adults • third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey • NHANES III
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C. M. Pfeiffer, S. P. Caudill, E. W. Gunter, B. A. Bowman, P. F. Jacques, J. Selhub, C. L. Johnson, D. T. Miller, and E. J. Sampson Analysis of Factors Influencing the Comparison of Homocysteine Values between the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and NHANES 1999+ J. Nutr., November 1, 2000; 130(11): 2850 - 2854. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Diaz-Arrastia Homocysteine and Neurologic Disease Arch Neurol, October 1, 2000; 57(10): 1422 - 1427. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. J. Appel, E. R. Miller III, S. H. Jee, R. Stolzenberg-Solomon, RD, P.-H. Lin, T. Erlinger, M. R. Nadeau, and J. Selhub Effect of Dietary Patterns on Serum Homocysteine : Results of a Randomized, Controlled Feeding Study Circulation, August 22, 2000; 102(8): 852 - 857. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. S. Morris, P. F. Jacques, J. Selhub, and I. H. Rosenberg Total Homocysteine and Estrogen Status Indicators in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Am. J. Epidemiol., July 15, 2000; 152(2): 140 - 148. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. A Kummerow, Q. Zhou, and M. M Mahfouz Effect of trans fatty acids on calcium influx into human arterial endothelial cells Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 1999; 70(5): 832 - 838. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Carmel, R. Green, D. W Jacobsen, K. Rasmussen, M. Florea, and C. Azen Serum cobalamin, homocysteine, and methylmalonic acid concentrations in a multiethnic elderly population: ethnic and sex differences in cobalamin and metabolite abnormalities Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 1999; 70(5): 904 - 910. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. P Stabler, R. H Allen, L. P Fried, M. Pahor, S. J Kittner, B. W. Penninx, and J. M Guralnik Racial differences in prevalence of cobalamin and folate deficiencies in disabled elderly women Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 1999; 70(5): 911 - 919. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. E Baggott Serum folate and homocysteine concentrations in large population samples of US ethnic and racial groups Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 1999; 70(5): 937 - 937. [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. F Jacques, I. H Rosenberg, G. Rogers, J. Selhub, J. D Wright, and C. L Johnson Reply to JE Baggott Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 1999; 70(5): 939 - 940. [Full Text]
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E. S Ford and B. A Bowman Reply to JE Baggott Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 1999; 70(5): 937 - 939. [Full Text]
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 J. Selhub, P. F. Jacques, I. H. Rosenberg, G. Rogers, B. A. Bowman, E. W. Gunter, J. D. Wright, and C. L. Johnson Serum Total Homocysteine Concentrations in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1991-1994): Population Reference Ranges and Contribution of Vitamin Status to High Serum Concentrations Ann Intern Med, September 7, 1999; 131(5): 331 - 339. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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