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American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 69, No. 5, 872-882, May 1999
© 1999 American Society for Clinical Nutrition

Original Research Communications

Effect of dietary {alpha}-linolenic acid on thrombotic risk factors in vegetarian men1,2,3

Duo Li, Andrew Sinclair, Alisa Wilson, Sirithon Nakkote, Fiona Kelly, Lavinia Abedin, Neil Mann and Alan Turner

Background: Vegetarians have lower platelet and plasma concentrations of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) than do omnivores. We recently showed that male vegetarians have higher platelet aggregability than do omnivores.

Objective: We investigated whether male vegetarians (n = 17) who consumed an increased amount of dietary {alpha}-linolenic acid (ALA) showed any changes in their tissue profile of PUFAs, plasma thromboxane concentrations, platelet aggregability, or hemostatic factors.

Design: During the study, all subjects maintained their habitual vegetarian diets except that a proportion of dietary fat was replaced with vegetable oils and margarines that were provided. Initially, all subjects consumed a low-ALA diet (containing safflower oil and safflower oil–based margarine) for 14 d; they then consumed either a moderate-ALA diet (containing canola oil and canola oil–based margarine) or a high-ALA diet (containing linseed oil and linseed oil–based margarine) for 28 d. Blood samples were collected at day 0 (baseline), day 14, and day 42.

Results: Eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, total n-3 PUFAs, and the ratio of n-3 to n-6 PUFAs were significantly increased (P < 0.05), whereas the ratio of arachidonic acid to eicosapentaenoic acid was decreased (P < 0.05), in platelet phospholipids, plasma phospholipids, and triacylglycerols after either the moderate-ALA or high-ALA diet compared with the low-ALA diet. No significant differences were observed in thrombotic risk factors.

Conclusion: ALA from vegetable oils (canola and linseed) has a beneficial effect on n-3 PUFA concentrations of platelet phospholipids and plasma lipids in vegetarian males.

Key Words: Vegetarian diet • {alpha}-linolenic acid • linoleic acid • platelet fatty acid • plasma fatty acid • polyunsaturated fatty acids • hemostatic factors • thrombosis • lipoprotein lipids • men




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