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Plasma lipoprotein fatty acids are altered by the positional distribution of fatty acids in infant formulatriacylglycerols and human milk^1,2,3

¹ From the Department of Paediatrics, University of British Columbia,Vancouver, Canada.

Background: Triacylglycerol digestion involves hydrolysis of fatty acids esterified at the glycerol 1,3 positions bygastric and pancreatic lipase to produce 2-monoacylglycerols and unesterified fatty acids, which arethen absorbed, reesterified to triacylglycerol, and secreted in chylomicrons. Palmitic acid (16:0) ispredominantly esterified to the 2 position of human milk triacylglycerol but to the 1,3 positions in theoils used in infant formulas.

Objective: We aimed to determine whether the position of 16:0 in human milk and infant formulatriacylglycerol influences the position of fatty acids in postprandial plasma chylomicrontriacylglycerol.

Design: Full-term infants were fed formula with 25–27% 16:0 with either 39% of the 16:0(synthesized triacylglycerol) or 6% of the 16:0 (standard formula) esterified at the triacylglycerol 2position, or were breast-fed (23% 16:0, 81% at the triacylglycerol 2 position) from birth to 120 d ofage. Chylomicron fatty acids and plasma lipids were assessed at 30 and 120 d of age.

Results: Infants fed the synthesized triacylglycerol formula, standard formula, or breast milk had 15.8%,8.3%, and 28.0% 16:0 in the chylomicron triacylglycerol 2 position (P < 0.05). These results suggest that 50% of the dietary triacylglycerol 2-position 16:0 isconserved through digestion, absorption, and chylomicron triacylglycerol synthesis in breast-fed andformula-fed infants. Infants fed the synthesized triacylglycerol formula had significantly lower HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I and higher apolipoprotein B concentrations than infants fed thestandard formula.

Conclusion: Dietary triacylglycerol fatty acid distribution may alter lipoprotein metabolism in young infants.

Key Words: Infant formula • palmitic acid • 16:0 • triacylglycerol structure • fatty acids • chylomicron • high-density lipoprotein • apolipoprotein • milk

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