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Use of the deuterated-retinol-dilution technique to assess total-body vitamin A stores of adult volunteers consuming different amounts of vitamin A^1,2,3

¹ From the Program in International Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, and the Facility for Advanced Instrumentation, University of California, Davis; and the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Background: The deuterated-retinol-dilution (DRD) technique provides a quantitative estimate of total body stores of vitamin A. However, it is not known whether the technique can detect changes in vitamin A pool size in response to different intakes of vitamin A.

Objective: Our objective was to determine the responsiveness of the DRD technique to 3 different daily supplemental vitamin A intakes during a period of 2.5–4 mo.

Design: Two oral doses of [²H₄]retinyl acetate [52.4 µmol retinol equivalent (RE)] were administered on study days 1 and 91 to 26 men (18–32 y of age) who were consuming controlled, low–vitamin A diets, and receiving daily either 0, 5.2, or 10.5 µmol RE of unlabeled supplemental retinyl palmitate during a 75- or 129-d period. Plasma isotopic ratios of [²H₄]retinol to retinol on day 115 were used to estimate final vitamin A body stores per Furr et al (Am J Clin Nutr 1989;49:713–6).

Results: Final ( ± SD) estimated vitamin A pool sizes were 0.048 ± 0.031, 0.252 ± 0.045, and 0.489 ± 0.066 mmol in the treatment groups receiving 0, 5.2, and 10.5 µmol RE/d, respectively (P < 0.001). Estimated mean changes in vitamin A pool sizes were similar to those expected for the vitamin A–supplemented groups [estimated:expected (95% CI of change in pool size): 1.08 (0.8, 1.2) and 1.17 (1.0, 1.3)].

Conclusions: The DRD technique can detect changes in total body stores of vitamin A in response to different daily vitamin A supplements. However, abrupt changes in dietary vitamin A intake can affect estimates of total-body vitamin A stores.

Key Words: Vitamin A • deuterated-retinol-dilution technique • DRD technique • pool size • isotope dilution • stable-isotope study • supplementation • Bangladesh

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