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Original Research Communication |
1 From the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, the Departments of Nutrition, Viticulture and Enology, and Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis; the School of Veterinary Medicine, the Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis; the School of Medicine, the Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Clinical Nutrition, the Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis; and the Department of Statistics, University of California, Davis.
Background: Red wine consumption may decrease the risk of coronary heart disease through the actions of its constituent flavonoids. (+)-Catechin is an abundant flavonoid in red wine.
Objective: The objective was to determine changes in plasma (+)-catechin concentrations after ingestion of a single, moderate serving of dealcoholized red wine reconstituted with either water (DRW) or water and alcohol (ARW).
Design: Nine subjects (5 men, 4 women) ingested, in random order, 120 mL DRW on one day and 120 mL ARW on another day. Both the DRW and ARW contained 35 mg (121 µmol) free (+)-catechin. Blood samples were collected at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 h. Plasma was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for (+)-catechin after enzymatic release of sulfate and glucuronide conjugates.
Results: Calcium ions were needed to effectively hydrolyze (+)-catechin conjugates in plasma containing EDTA. Neither the ARW or DRW nor sex affected the area under the curve at 8 h, the maximum concentration (cmax), or the time it took for plasma total (+)-catechin to reach maximum concentration (tmax). Pooled mean (±SEM) values for the ARW and DRW were as follows: area under the curve, 306.1 ± 29.5 nmol•h/L; cmax, 76.7 ± 7.5 nmol/L; and tmax, 1.44 ± 0.13 h. The half-life of (+)-catechin in plasma was significantly less (P = 0.038) after ingestion of the ARW (3.17 h) than after ingestion of the DRW (4.08 h).
Conclusions: Increases in plasma total (+)-catechin concentrations were not significantly different after single moderate servings of either the ARW or DRW. Alcohol in the ARW hastened the elimination of (+)-catechin from the plasma compartment. (+)-Catechin elimination may represent excretion or conversion to methylated derivatives.
Key Words: (+)-Catechin • antioxidant • flavonoid • redwine • ethanol • pharmacokinetics • humans
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