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1 From the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; the Oklahoma Center for Neurosciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City; and the Dean A McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City.
To determine whether docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation of breast-feeding mothers increases the DHA contents of breast milk and infant plasma phospholipids (PPs), breast-feeding women were randomly assigned to 3 DHA-supplementation groups (170–260 mg/d) or a control group. Group 1 (n = 6) consumed an algae-produced high-DHA triacylglycerol; group 2 (n = 6) consumed high-DHA eggs; group 3 (n = 6) consumed a high-DHA, low-eicosapentaenoic acid marine oil; and group 4 (n = 6) received no supplementation. From before to after supplementation (2 and 8 wk postpartum), mean (±SD) maternal PP DHA increased in groups 1, 2, and 3 by 1.20 ± 0.53, 0.63 ± 0.82, and 0.76 ± 0.35 mol% of fatty acids, respectively (23–41%), but decreased in group 4 by 0.44 ± 0.34 mol% (15%). Breast-milk DHA of groups 1, 2, and 3 increased by 0.21 ± 0.16, 0.07 ± 0.11, and 0.12 ± 0.07 mol%, respectively (32–91%) but decreased in group 4 by 0.03 ± 0.04 mol% (17%). Mean infant PP DHA in groups 1, 2, and 3 increased by 1.63 ± 0.79, 0.40 ± 1.0, and 0.98 ± 0.61 mol%, respectively (11–42%), but only by 0.18 ± 0.74 mol% (5%) in group 4. Correlations between the DHA contents of maternal plasma and breast milk and of milk and infant PPs were significant. Breast-milk and maternal and infant PP 22:5n-6 concentrations were lowest in group 2. DHA supplementation increases the plasma and breast-milk DHA concentrations of lactating women, resulting in higher PP DHA concentrations in infants.
Key Words: Lactation • breast-feeding • infant nutrition • maternal nutrition • docosahexaenoic acid • polyunsaturated fatty acids • breast-fed infants • infant plasma phospholipids • maternal plasma phospholipids • human-milk phospholipids • breast-milk phospholipids
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