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Polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory bowel disease^1,2

¹ From the Department of First Aid and Emergency Medicine and the Department of Clinical Pharmacology, S Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy, and Civil Hospital, Recanati, Italy.

The rationale for supplementation with n–3 fatty acids to promote the health of the gastrointestinal tract lies in the antiinflammatory effects of these lipid compounds. The first evidence of the importance of dietary intake of n–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids was derived from epidemiologic observations of the low incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in Eskimos. The aim of this paper was to briefly review the literature on the use of n–3 fatty acids in inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease), the results of which are controversial. The discrepancies between studies may reside in the different study designs used as well as in the various formulations and dosages used, some of which may lead to a high incidence of side effects. Choosing a formulation that lowers the incidence of side effects, selecting patients carefully, and paying strict attention to experimental design are critical when investigating further the therapeutic potential of these lipids in inflammatory bowel disease.

Key Words: Polyunsaturated fatty acids • fish oil • Crohn disease • ulcerative colitis • inflammatory bowel disease • n–3 fatty acids • review

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