AJCN Cancer Health Disparities Conference
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Purchase Article
Right arrow View Shopping Cart
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Smith, S. R
Right arrow Articles by Bray, G. A
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Smith, S. R
Right arrow Articles by Bray, G. A
Agricola
Right arrow Articles by Smith, S. R
Right arrow Articles by Bray, G. A
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 71, No. 2, 450-457, February 2000
© 2000 American Society for Clinical Nutrition

Original Research Communications

Fat and carbohydrate balances during adaptation to a high-fat diet1,2,3

Steven R Smith, Lilian de Jonge, Jeffery J Zachwieja, Heli Roy, Tuong Nguyen, Jennifer C Rood, Marlene M Windhauser and George A Bray

1 From the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA.

Background: Dietary fat contents are highly variable. Failure to compensate for the positive fat balance that occurs during the shift to a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet by increasing energy expenditure or by decreasing food intake may result in the gain of fat mass.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the time course of fat oxidation during adaptation to an isoenergetic high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet.

Design: After a 5-d control diet, dietary fat was increased from 37% of energy to 50% of energy for 4 d in 6 healthy, young lean men. Respiratory quotient and substrate macronutrient oxidation and balance were measured in a respiratory chamber. Fasting concentrations of insulin, glucose, and triacylglycerol; maximal oxygen consumption (O2max) during treadmill exercise; and free-living energy expenditure were determined. Body fat was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and visceral adipose tissue by computerized tomography.

Results: Compared with the baseline diet, the high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet resulted in positive fat and protein balances and a negative carbohydrate balance. Insulin concentration and the postabsorptive respiratory quotient were positively correlated with the fat balance during the high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet, whereas O2max during treadmill exercise was negatively related to fat balance. With use of stepwise regression, O2max was the best predictor of fat balance. There was a negative correlation between fat balance and carbohydrate balance (r2 = 0.88).

Conclusion: Both baseline insulin concentration and O2max during treadmill exercise predict fat balance during the shift to a high-fat diet under isoenergetic conditions.

Key Words: Respiratory chamber • physical fitness • insulin • macronutrient oxidation • dietary fat • fat oxidation • physical activity • macronutrient oxidation • fat balance • high-fat diet • obesity • men




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
J. E. Galgani, C. Moro, and E. Ravussin
Metabolic flexibility and insulin resistance
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, November 1, 2008; 295(5): E1009 - E1017.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
L. K. Heilbronn, S. Gregersen, D. Shirkhedkar, D. Hu, and L. V. Campbell
Impaired Fat Oxidation After a Single High-Fat Meal in Insulin-Sensitive Nondiabetic Individuals With a Family History of Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes, August 1, 2007; 56(8): 2046 - 2053.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
B. Ukropcova, O. Sereda, L. de Jonge, I. Bogacka, T. Nguyen, H. Xie, G. A. Bray, and S. R. Smith
Family History of Diabetes Links Impaired Substrate Switching and Reduced Mitochondrial Content in Skeletal Muscle
Diabetes, March 1, 2007; 56(3): 720 - 727.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
J. Sutinen and H. Yki-Jarvinen
Increased resting energy expenditure, fat oxidation, and food intake in patients with highly active antiretroviral therapy-associated lipodystrophy
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, March 1, 2007; 292(3): E687 - E692.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
K. C Hansen, Z. Zhang, T. Gomez, A. K Adams, and D. A Schoeller
Exercise increases the proportion of fat utilization during short-term consumption of a high-fat diet
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2007; 85(1): 109 - 116.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
E. S. Berk, A. J. Kovera, C. N. Boozer, F. X. Pi-Sunyer, and J. B. Albu
Metabolic Inflexibility in Substrate Use Is Present in African-American But Not Caucasian Healthy, Premenopausal, Nondiabetic Women
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2006; 91(10): 4099 - 4106.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
E. E. Blaak, G. Hul, C. Verdich, V. Stich, A. Martinez, M. Petersen, E. F. M. Feskens, K. Patel, J. M. Oppert, P. Barbe, et al.
Fat Oxidation before and after a High Fat Load in the Obese Insulin-Resistant State
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2006; 91(4): 1462 - 1469.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
L. M. Sparks, H. Xie, R. A. Koza, R. Mynatt, M. W. Hulver, G. A. Bray, and S. R. Smith
A High-Fat Diet Coordinately Downregulates Genes Required for Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation in Skeletal Muscle
Diabetes, July 1, 2005; 54(7): 1926 - 1933.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Nutr.Home page
K. V. Axen, A. Dikeakos, and A. Sclafani
High Dietary Fat Promotes Syndrome X in Nonobese Rats
J. Nutr., July 1, 2003; 133(7): 2244 - 2249.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
M. S Treuth, A. L Sunehag, L. M Trautwein, D. M Bier, M. W Haymond, and N. F Butte
Metabolic adaptation to high-fat and high-carbohydrate diets in children and adolescents
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2003; 77(2): 479 - 489.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Nutr.Home page
G. A. Bray, J. C. Lovejoy, S. R. Smith, J. P. DeLany, M. Lefevre, D. Hwang, D. H. Ryan, and D. A. York
The Influence of Different Fats and Fatty Acids on Obesity, Insulin Resistance and Inflammation
J. Nutr., September 1, 2002; 132(9): 2488 - 2491.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
I. Marques-Lopes, D. Ansorena, I. Astiasaran, L. Forga, and J A. Martinez
Postprandial de novo lipogenesis and metabolic changes induced by a high-carbohydrate, low-fat meal in lean and overweight men
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2001; 73(2): 253 - 261.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
P. Schrauwen, W. D van Marken Lichtenbelt, and K. R Westerterp
Fat and carbohydrate balances during adaptation to a high-fat diet
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2000; 72(5): 1239 - 1240.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
S. R Smith, L. de Jonge, J. J Zachwieja, H. Roy, T. Nguyen, J. C Rood, M. M Windhauser, and G. A Bray
Reply to P Schrauwen et al
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2000; 72(5): 1240 - 1241.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
S. R Smith, L. de Jonge, J. J Zachwieja, H. Roy, T. Nguyen, J. Rood, M. Windhauser, J. Volaufova, and G. A Bray
Concurrent physical activity increases fat oxidation during the shift to a high-fat diet
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, July 1, 2000; 72(1): 131 - 138.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Copyright © 2000 by The American Society for Nutrition