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Original Research Communications |
1 From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Physical Sciences and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, and Hebrew University–Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jerusalem.
Background: The genetic variance determining plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations may modify individual responsiveness to alterations in dietary fat and cholesterol content.
Objective: The aim was to examine the role of apolipoprotein (apo) B DNA polymorphisms in responsiveness of plasma lipids and lipoproteins to diet.
Design: A controlled dietary intervention study was conducted in 44 healthy, middle-aged subjects with a 3-mo baseline, a 1-mo fat-controlled, a 1-mo high-fat, and a 1-mo habitual diet period. We also conducted a meta-analysis of all published dietary trials, including our own.
Results: In our own dietary study, the apo B XbaI restriction-site polymorphism affected the responsiveness to diet of the plasma LDL-cholesterol concentration (P < 0.05, repeated-measures analysis of variance). Especially during the high-fat diet, homozygous absence of the XbaI restriction site (X-/X-) was associated with a greater increase in LDL cholesterol (44 ± 5%) than was X+/X+ (27 ± 7%) or X+/X- (40 ± 5%). The high-fat diet also induced a larger increase in plasma LDL cholesterol in subjects with the R-/R- genotype (homozygous absence of the EcoRI restriction site) (59 ± 10%) than in those with the R+/R- (39 ± 6%) or R+/R+ (36 ± 4%) genotype. The M+/M+ genotype (homozygous presence of the MspI restriction site) was also more responsive (41 ± 3% increase in LDL cholesterol) than the M+/M- genotype (27 ± 10% increase). The meta-analysis supported the finding of the significant role of the EcoRI and MspI polymorphisms, but not that of the XbaI polymorphism.
Conclusions: The present study indicated that the apo B EcoRI and MspI polymorphisms are associated with responsiveness to diet.
Key Words: Apolipoprotein B • cholesterol • diet • meta-analysis • human • polymorphism • restriction endonuclease • restriction-fragment-length polymorphism • restriction-site polymorphism • plasma lipids
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