| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Original Research Communications |
1 From the Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Giessen, Germany; Milupa Research, Milupa GmbH & Co KG, Friedrichsdorf, Germany; and the Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
Background: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) show a complexity and variety not found in milk of any other species. Although progress has been made in the past 3 decades with regard to identification and structural characterization of HMOs, not much is known about the physiologic functions of HMOs.
Objective: As a prerequisite for biological activity in infant metabolism, HMOs have to resist enzymatic hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal tract. To assess the extent to which selected HMOs are hydrolyzed, we carried out in vitro digestion studies using enzyme preparations of human and porcine pancreas and intestinal brush border membranes (BBMs).
Design: Fractions of HMOs, including structurally defined isolated oligosaccharides, were digested for up to 20 h with human pancreatic juice and BBMs prepared from human or porcine intestinal tissue samples. HMOs were incubated by using a porcine pancreatic homogenate and BBMs as enzyme sources. HMOs and digestion products were identified by mass spectrometry and anion-exchange chromatography. Additionally, free D-glucose, L-fucose, and N-acetylneuraminic acid were determined enzymatically.
Results: Whereas maltodextrin (control) was rapidly and completely hydrolyzed, neutral and acidic HMOs showed a profound resistance against pancreatic juice and BBM hydrolases. However, cleavage of most of the HMOs was achieved by using a pancreatic homogenate containing intracellular, including lysosomal, enzymes in addition to secreted enzymes.
Conclusions: The results of this study strongly suggest that HMOs are not hydrolyzed by enzymes in the upper small intestine. Although intact HMOs may be absorbed, we postulate that a majority of HMOs reach the large intestine, where they serve as substrates for bacterial metabolism. Therefore, HMOs might be considered the soluble fiber fraction of human milk.
Key Words: Human milk • oligosaccharides • enzymatic hydrolysis • pancreatic enzymes • brush border membranes • matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry • MALDI-MS
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  G. Boehm and G. Moro Structural and Functional Aspects of Prebiotics Used in Infant Nutrition J. Nutr., September 1, 2008; 138(9): 1818S - 1828S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. van Meer, G. Boehm, F. Stellaard, A. Vriesema, J. Knol, R. Havinga, P. J. Sauer, and H. J. Verkade Prebiotic oligosaccharides and the enterohepatic circulation of bile salts in rats Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, February 1, 2008; 294(2): G540 - G547. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. C. Liu, W. L. Chen, and S. J. T. Mao Antioxidant Nature of Bovine Milk {beta}-Lactoglobulin J Dairy Sci, February 1, 2007; 90(2): 547 - 555. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. K. Bjursell, E. C. Martens, and J. I. Gordon Functional Genomic and Metabolic Studies of the Adaptations of a Prominent Adult Human Gut Symbiont, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, to the Suckling Period J. Biol. Chem., November 24, 2006; 281(47): 36269 - 36279. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Bode Recent Advances on Structure, Metabolism, and Function of Human Milk Oligosaccharides J. Nutr., August 1, 2006; 136(8): 2127 - 2130. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. E. Ward, M. Ninonuevo, D. A. Mills, C. B. Lebrilla, and J. B. German In Vitro Fermentation of Breast Milk Oligosaccharides by Bifidobacterium infantis and Lactobacillus gasseri. Appl. Envir. Microbiol., June 1, 2006; 72(6): 4497 - 4499. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Dubik and L. Barton Human Milk Oligosaccharides Protect Infants from Enteric Infection AAP Grand Rounds, January 1, 2005; 13(1): 7 - 7. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Bode, S. Rudloff, C. Kunz, S. Strobel, and N. Klein Human milk oligosaccharides reduce platelet-neutrophil complex formation leading to a decrease in neutrophil {beta} 2 integrin expression J. Leukoc. Biol., October 1, 2004; 76(4): 820 - 826. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Martin-Sosa, M.-J. Martin, L.-A. Garcia-Pardo, and P. Hueso Sialyloligosaccharides in Human and Bovine Milk and in Infant Formulas: Variations with the Progression of Lactation J Dairy Sci, January 1, 2003; 86(1): 52 - 59. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. A. Schell, M. Karmirantzou, B. Snel, D. Vilanova, B. Berger, G. Pessi, M.-C. Zwahlen, F. Desiere, P. Bork, M. Delley, et al. The genome sequence of Bifidobacterium longum reflects its adaptation to the human gastrointestinal tract PNAS, October 29, 2002; 99(22): 14422 - 14427. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G Boehm, M Lidestri, P Casetta, J Jelinek, F Negretti, B Stahl, and A Marini Supplementation of a bovine milk formula with an oligosaccharide mixture increases counts of faecal bifidobacteria in preterm infants Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed., May 1, 2002; 86(3): F178 - F181. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Wang, J. Brand-Miller, P. McVeagh, and P. Petocz Concentration and distribution of sialic acid in human milk and infant formulas Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, October 1, 2001; 74(4): 510 - 515. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
