HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Dreon, D. M Articles by Krauss, R. M Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Dreon, D. M Articles by Krauss, R. M Agricola Articles by Dreon, D. M Articles by Krauss, R. M

Reduced LDL particle size in children consuming a very-low-fat diet is related to parental LDL-subclass patterns^1,2,3

¹ From the Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA, and the Donner Laboratory, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley.

Background: A genetically influenced atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype characterized by a predominance of small, dense LDL particles (subclass pattern B) can be induced by low-fat diets in healthy subjects with large LDL particles (pattern A).

Objective: The aim of this study was to test whether genetic predisposition to subclass pattern B contributes to susceptibility to induction of this trait by a low-fat diet.

Design: The prevalence of pattern B in children is relatively low compared with that in older individuals, but genetic susceptibility to this trait in offspring can be inferred by its presence in their parents. Plasma lipoproteins were analyzed 10 d after a change from a usual diet to a very-low-fat (10% fat), high-carbohydrate diet in offspring (mean age: 14 y; range: 7–28 y) of 22 families according to parental LDL-subclass patterns when consuming a low-fat diet: AxA mating (9 families with 19 children), AxB mating (5 families with 10 children), and BxB mating (8 families with 21 children).

Results: The very-low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet produced significantly greater decreases in LDL particle size in offspring of BxB parents ( ± SE: -0.55 ± 0.16 nm) and AxB parents (-0.48 ± 0.19 nm) than in offspring of AxA parents (0.14 ± 0.20 nm). The number of children expressing pattern B with the 10%-fat diet and the proportion of children converting from pattern A to pattern B was significantly greater in offspring of BxB parents than in those with 1 or 2 pattern A parents.

Conclusion: A very-low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet can induce expression of LDL-subclass pattern B in genetically predisposed children with low expression of the trait while consuming their usual diets.

Key Words: Lipoproteins • diet • children • low-density-lipoprotein subclasses • genetics • LDL • LDL peak particle diameter • very-low-fat • high-carbohydrate diet

This article has been cited by other articles:

				R. M. Krauss, L. M. Mangravite, J. D. Smith, M. W. Medina, D. Wang, X. Guo, M. J. Rieder, J. A. Simon, S. B. Hulley, D. Waters, et al. Variation in the 3-Hydroxyl-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Gene Is Associated With Racial Differences in Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Response to Simvastatin Treatment Circulation, March 25, 2008; 117(12): 1537 - 1544. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. I Katcher, R. S Legro, A. R Kunselman, P. J Gillies, L. M Demers, D. M Bagshaw, and P. M Kris-Etherton The effects of a whole grain enriched hypocaloric diet on cardiovascular disease risk factors in men and women with metabolic syndrome Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2008; 87(1): 79 - 90. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Aeberli, M. B Zimmermann, L. Molinari, R. Lehmann, D. l'Allemand, G. A Spinas, and K. Berneis Fructose intake is a predictor of LDL particle size in overweight schoolchildren Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, October 1, 2007; 86(4): 1174 - 1178. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S.-C. Yang, S.-M. Liu, H.-Y. Yang, Y.-H. Lin, and J.-R. Chen Soybean Protein Hydrolysate Improves Plasma and Liver Lipid Profiles in Rats Fed High-Cholesterol Diet J. Am. Coll. Nutr., October 1, 2007; 26(5): 416 - 423. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Z. T. Bloomgarden Insulin Resistance, Dyslipidemia, and Cardiovascular Disease Diabetes Care, August 1, 2007; 30(8): 2164 - 2170. [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. M Krauss, P. J Blanche, R. S Rawlings, H. S Fernstrom, and P. T Williams Separate effects of reduced carbohydrate intake and weight loss on atherogenic dyslipidemia Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 2006; 83(5): 1025 - 1031. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. M. Krauss Dietary and Genetic Probes of Atherogenic Dyslipidemia Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 2005; 25(11): 2265 - 2272. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. T Williams, P. J Blanche, R. Rawlings, and R. M Krauss Concordant lipoprotein and weight responses to dietary fat change in identical twins with divergent exercise levels 1 Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, July 1, 2005; 82(1): 181 - 187. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Bosse, L. Perusse, and M.-C. Vohl Genetics of LDL particle heterogeneity: from genetic epidemiology to DNA-based variations J. Lipid Res., June 1, 2004; 45(6): 1008 - 1026. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J.-F. Mauger, A. H Lichtenstein, L. M Ausman, S. M Jalbert, M. Jauhiainen, C. Ehnholm, and B. Lamarche Effect of different forms of dietary hydrogenated fats on LDL particle size Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, September 1, 2003; 78(3): 370 - 375. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Kaitosaari, T. Ronnemaa, O. Raitakari, S. Talvia, K. Kallio, I. Volanen, A. Leino, E. Jokinen, I. Valimaki, J. Viikari, et al. Effect of 7-Year Infancy-Onset Dietary Intervention on Serum Lipoproteins and Lipoprotein Subclasses in Healthy Children in the Prospective, Randomized Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project for Children (STRIP) Study Circulation, August 12, 2003; 108(6): 672 - 677. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J.-M. Schwarz, P. Linfoot, D. Dare, and K. Aghajanian Hepatic de novo lipogenesis in normoinsulinemic and hyperinsulinemic subjects consuming high-fat, low-carbohydrate and low-fat, high-carbohydrate isoenergetic diets Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2003; 77(1): 43 - 50. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. K. Berneis and R. M. Krauss Metabolic origins and clinical significance of LDL heterogeneity J. Lipid Res., September 1, 2002; 43(9): 1363 - 1379. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. J. Parks Effect of Dietary Carbohydrate on Triglyceride Metabolism in Humans J. Nutr., October 1, 2001; 131(10): 2772S - 2774. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. M. Krauss Atherogenic Lipoprotein Phenotype and Diet-Gene Interactions J. Nutr., February 1, 2001; 131(2): 340S - 343. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				R. J Havel Genetic underpinnings of LDL size and density: a role for hepatic lipase? Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2000; 71(6): 1390 - 1391. [Full Text] [PDF]