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American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 72, No. 1, 106-111, July 2000
© 2000 American Society for Clinical Nutrition

Original Research Communication

Maximizing postexercise muscle glycogen synthesis: carbohydrate supplementation and the application of amino acid or protein hydrolysate mixtures1,2,3

Luc JC van Loon, Wim HM Saris, Margriet Kruijshoop and Anton JM Wagenmakers

1 1From the Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.

Background: Postexercise muscle glycogen synthesis is an important factor in determining the time needed to recover from prolonged exercise.

Objective: This study investigated whether an increase in carbohydrate intake, ingestion of a mixture of protein hydrolysate and amino acids in combination with carbohydrate, or both results in higher postexercise muscle glycogen synthesis rates than does ingestion of 0.8 g•kg-1•h-1 carbohydrate, provided at 30-min intervals.

Design: Eight trained cyclists visited the laboratory 3 times, during which a control beverage and 2 other beverages were tested. After the subjects participated in a strict glycogen-depletion protocol, muscle biopsy samples were collected. The subjects received a beverage every 30 min to ensure ingestion of 0.8 g carbohydrate•kg-1•h-1 (Carb trial), 0.8 g carbohydrate•kg-1•h-1 plus 0.4 g wheat protein hydrolysate plus free leucine and phenylalanine•kg-1•h-1 (proven to be highly insulinotropic; Carb + Pro trial), or 1.2 g carbohydrate•kg-1•h-1 (Carb + Carb trial). After 5 h, a second biopsy was taken.

Results: Plasma insulin responses in the Carb + Pro and Carb + Carb trials were higher than those in the Carb trial (88 ± 17% and 46 ± 18%; P < 0.05). Muscle glycogen synthesis was higher in both trials than in the Carb trial (35. 4 ± 5.1 and 44.8 ± 6.8 compared with 16.6 ± 7.8 µmol glycosol units•g dry wt-1•h-1, respectively; P < 0.05).

Conclusions: Addition of a mixture of protein hydrolysate and amino acids to a carbohydrate-containing solution (at an intake of 0.8 g carbohydrate•kg-1•h-1) can stimulate glycogen synthesis. However, glycogen synthesis can also be accelerated by increasing carbohydrate intake (0.4 g•kg-1•h-1) when supplements are provided at 30-min intervals.

Key Words: Insulin • leucine • phenylalanine • glycogen synthase • muscle glycogen synthesis • glycogen depletion • healthy men • exercise




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