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Low-fat and high–monounsaturated fatty acid diets decrease plasma cholesterol ester transfer protein concentrations in young, healthy, normolipemic men^1,2,3

¹ From the Unidad de Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain; Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Alto Guadalquivir, Andujar, Hospital Infanta Margarita, Cabra, Spain; and the Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston.

Background: Cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) mediates the transfer of cholesteryl esters from HDL to apolipoprotein (apo) B–containing lipoproteins. The possible atherogenic role of this protein is controversial. Diet may influence plasma CETP concentrations.

Objective: The objective was to determine whether the changes in plasma lipids observed after consumption of 2 lipid-lowering diets are associated with changes in plasma CETP concentrations.

Design: We studied 41 healthy, normolipidemic men over 3 consecutive 4-wk dietary periods: a saturated fatty acid–rich diet (SFA diet: 38% fat, 20% saturated fat), a National Cholesterol Education Program Step I diet (NCEP Step I diet: 28% fat, 10% saturated fat), and a monounsaturated fatty acid–rich diet (MUFA diet: 38% fat, 22% monounsaturated fat). Cholesterol content (27.5 mg/MJ) was kept constant during the 3 periods. Plasma concentrations of total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol; triacylglycerol; apo A-I and B; and CETP were measured at the end of each dietary period.

Results: Compared with the SFA diet, both lipid-lowering diets significantly decreased plasma total and LDL cholesterol, apo B, and CETP. Only the NCEP Step I diet lowered plasma HDL cholesterol. Positive, significant correlations were found between plasma CETP and total (r = 0.3868, P < 0.0001) and LDL (r = 0.4454, P < 0.0001) cholesterol and also between changes in CETP concentrations and those of total (r = 0.4543, P < 0.0001) and LDL (r = 0.4554, P < 0.0001) cholesterol.

Conclusions: The isoenergetic substitution of a high–saturated fatty acid diet with an NCEP Step I or a high–monounsaturated fatty acid diet decreases plasma CETP concentrations.

Key Words: Carbohydrates • humans • cholesterol • cholesterol ester transfer protein • CETP • dietary fat • saturated fat • monounsaturated fat • LDL cholesterol • HDL cholesterol • National Cholesterol Education Program Step I diet • Spain • Mediterranean-type diet • men

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