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Original Research Communications |
1 From the Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and the Baltimore Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore.
Background: It is suggested that fat deposition within midthigh muscle, represented by low-density lean tissue, increases with deconditioning and obesity and is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women.
Objective: We determined the effects of a 6-mo weight loss and walking (3 times/wk) program (WL+AEX) on midthigh low-density lean tissue and glucose and lipid metabolism in 24 sedentary, obese [body mass index (kg/m2): 32 ± 1 (
± SEM)] postmenopausal women aged 58 ± 1 y.
Design: Total body fat and fat-free mass were measured by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Intraabdominal fat (IAF), subcutaneous abdominal fat (SAF), midthigh fat, midthigh muscle, and midthigh low-density lean tissue areas were measured by using computed tomography. Glucose and insulin responses were determined with a 3-h oral-glucose-tolerance test.
Results: Body weight decreased 8% (P < 0.001) and maximal aerobic capacity increased 8% (P < 0.001) with the weight loss and walking program. Total body fat decreased by 15% (P < 0.001) whereas fat-free mass did not change. IAF and SAF decreased by 18% and 16%, respectively (P < 0.001). Midthigh fat and midthigh low-density lean tissue decreased by 16% and 18%, respectively (P < 0.001), and midthigh muscle area increased by 7% (P < 0.05). Fasting plasma insulin decreased by 12% and total glucose and insulin areas under the curve decreased by 6% and 24%, respectively (P < 0.05). HDL-cholesterol concentrations increased 8% (P < 0.05) and triacylglycerol concentrations decreased 19% (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: Increased physical fitness and weight loss reduce midthigh low-density lean tissue and improve glucose and lipid metabolic risk factors for CVD in obese postmenopausal women.
Key Words: Obesity • computed tomography • fat-free mass • exercise • 
O2max • maximal oxygen consumption • postmenopausal women
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