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Original Research Communications |
1 From the Obesity Research Center, St Luke's–Roosevelt Hospital Center, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, and the School of Physical and Health Education, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
Background: Skeletal muscle (SM) is a large body compartment of biological importance, but it remains difficult to quantify SM with affordable and practical methods that can be applied in clinical and field settings.
Objective: The objective of this study was to develop and cross-validate anthropometric SM mass prediction models in healthy adults.
Design: SM mass, measured by using whole-body multislice magnetic resonance imaging, was set as the dependent variable in prediction models. Independent variables were organized into 2 separate formulas. One formula included mainly limb circumferences and skinfold thicknesses [model 1: height (in m) and skinfold-corrected upperarm, thigh, and calf girths (CAG, CTG, and CCG, respectively; in cm)]. The other formula included mainly body weight (in kg) and height (model 2). The models were developed and cross-validated in nonobese adults [body mass index (in kg/m2) < 30].
Results: Two SM (in kg) models for nonobese subjects (n = 244) were developed as follows: SM = Ht x (0.00744 x CAG2 + 0.00088 x CTG2 + 0.00441 x CCG2) + 2.4 x sex - 0.048 x age + race + 7.8, where R2 = 0.91, P < 0.0001, and SEE = 2.2 kg; sex = 0 for female and 1 for male, race = -2.0 for Asian, 1.1 for African American, and 0 for white and Hispanic, and SM = 0.244 x BW + 7.80 x Ht + 6.6 x sex - 0.098 x age + race - 3.3, where R2 = 0.86, P < 0.0001, and SEE = 2.8 kg; sex = 0 for female and 1 for male, race = -1.2 for Asian, 1.4 for African American, and 0 for white and Hispanic.
Conclusion: These 2 anthropometric prediction models, the first developed in vivo by using state-of-the-art body-composition methods, are likely to prove useful in clinical evaluations and field studies of SM mass in nonobese adults.
Key Words: Limb circumference • skinfold thickness • body composition • skeletal muscle • nonobese adults
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