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Original Research Communication |
1 From the Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, and the Channing Laboratory, the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston.
Background: Previous studies on diet and coronary heart disease (CHD) focused primarily on individual nutrients or foods.
Objective: We examined whether overall dietary patterns derived from a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) predict risk of CHD in men.
Design: This was a prospective cohort study of 44875 men aged 40–75 y without diagnosed cardiovascular disease or cancer at baseline in 1986.
Results: During 8 y of follow-up, we documented 1089 cases of CHD (nonfatal myocardial infarction and fatal CHD). Using factor analysis, we identified 2 major dietary patterns using dietary data collected through a 131-item FFQ. The first factor, which we labeled the "prudent pattern," was characterized by higher intake of vegetables, fruit, legumes, whole grains, fish, and poultry, whereas the second factor, the "Western pattern," was characterized by higher intake of red meat, processed meat, refined grains, sweets and dessert, French fries, and high-fat dairy products. After adjustment for age and CHD risk factors, the relative risks from the lowest to highest quintiles of the prudent pattern score were 1.0, 0.87, 0.79, 0.75, and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.56, 0.86; P for trend = 0.0009). In contrast, the relative risks across increasing quintiles of the Western pattern score were 1.0, 1.21, 1.36, 1.40, and 1.64 (95% CI: 1.24, 2.17; P for trend < 0.0001). These associations persisted in subgroup analyses according to cigarette smoking, body mass index, and parental history of myocardial infarction.
Conclusions: These data suggest that major dietary patterns derived from the FFQ predict risk of CHD, independent of other lifestyle variables.
Key Words: Health Professionals Follow-up Study • food-frequency questionnaire • coronary heart disease • dietary patterns • men
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F. B Hu Plant-based foods and prevention of cardiovascular disease: an overview Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, September 1, 2003; 78(3): 544S - 551. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. B. Schulze, K. Hoffmann, A. Kroke, and H. Boeing Risk of Hypertension among Women in the EPIC-Potsdam Study: Comparison of Relative Risk Estimates for Exploratory and Hypothesis-oriented Dietary Patterns Am. J. Epidemiol., August 15, 2003; 158(4): 365 - 373. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 A. Trichopoulou, T. Costacou, C. Bamia, and D. Trichopoulos Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet and Survival in a Greek Population N. Engl. J. Med., June 26, 2003; 348(26): 2599 - 2608. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Newby, D. Muller, J. Hallfrisch, N. Qiao, R. Andres, and K. L Tucker Dietary patterns and changes in body mass index and waist circumference in adults Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2003; 77(6): 1417 - 1425. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. M van Dam, L. Grievink, M. C Ocke, and E. J. Feskens Patterns of food consumption and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the general Dutch population Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 2003; 77(5): 1156 - 1163. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Fung, F. B. Hu, C. Fuchs, E. Giovannucci, D. J. Hunter, M. J. Stampfer, G. A. Colditz, and W. C. Willett Major Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Women Arch Intern Med, February 10, 2003; 163(3): 309 - 314. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Haveman-Nies, L. C.P.G.M. de Groot, and W. A. van Staveren Relation of Dietary Quality, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits to 10-Year Changes in Health Status in Older Europeans in the SENECA Study Am J Public Health, February 1, 2003; 93(2): 318 - 323. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. J. Joshipura, H.-C. Hung, E. B. Rimm, W. C. Willett, and A. Ascherio Periodontal Disease, Tooth Loss, and Incidence of Ischemic Stroke Stroke, January 1, 2003; 34(1): 47 - 52. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. B. Hu and W. C. Willett Optimal Diets for Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease JAMA, November 27, 2002; 288(20): 2569 - 2578. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Haveman-Nies, L. P. G. M. de Groot, J. Burema, J. A. A. Cruz, M. Osler, and W. A. van Staveren Dietary Quality and Lifestyle Factors in Relation to 10-Year Mortality in Older Europeans: The SENECA Study Am. J. Epidemiol., November 15, 2002; 156(10): 962 - 968. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 R. M. van Dam, E. B. Rimm, W. C. Willett, M. J. Stampfer, and F. B. Hu Dietary Patterns and Risk for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in U.S. Men Ann Intern Med, February 5, 2002; 136(3): 201 - 209. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. J. Franz, J. P. Bantle, C. A. Beebe, J. D. Brunzell, J.-L. Chiasson, A. Garg, L. A. Holzmeister, B. Hoogwerf, E. Mayer-Davis, A. D. Mooradian, et al. Evidence-Based Nutrition Principles and Recommendations for the Treatment and Prevention of Diabetes and Related Complications Diabetes Care, January 1, 2002; 25(1): 148 - 198. [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. Wirfalt, B. Hedblad, B. Gullberg, I. Mattisson, C. Andren, U. Rosander, L. Janzon, and G. Berglund Food Patterns and Components of the Metabolic Syndrome in Men and Women: A Cross-sectional Study within the Malmo Diet and Cancer Cohort Am. J. Epidemiol., December 15, 2001; 154(12): 1150 - 1159. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. T. Fung, W. C. Willett, M. J. Stampfer, J. E. Manson, and F. B. Hu Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Women Arch Intern Med, August 13, 2001; 161(15): 1857 - 1862. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 M. J. Franz The Answer to Weight Loss Is Easy--Doing It Is Hard! Clin. Diabetes, July 1, 2001; 19(3): 105 - 109. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Greenland Beating High Blood Pressure with Low-Sodium DASH N. Engl. J. Med., January 4, 2001; 344(1): 53 - 55. [Full Text] [PDF]
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