| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Supplement |
1 From the Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago.
Lipids are considered the most important energy source in the infant diet and are necessary for normal growth and physical activity. Human milk, in which most of the energy is present as fat, provides a relatively high cholesterol intake. Formula provides a much lower cholesterol intake. Infants fed human milk have higher total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations in plasma than do formula-fed infants (P < 0.05), whereas plasma HDL- and LDL-cholesterol concentrations are lower in formula-fed infants if a formula high in linoleate is fed (P < 0.05). Infants adapt to the high cholesterol content of human milk through a decrease in cholesterol synthesis; in contrast, the addition of cholesterol to formula does not suppress synthesis. Measurements of serum lipoproteins and LDL-receptor activity suggest that it is the fatty acid content, rather than the cholesterol content, of the diet that regulates cholesterol homeostasis. We studied the effect of total energy, source of energy, and fat on growth indexes of children <6 y of age in Latin America with use of food balance data. With respect to availability of animal fat, a negative relation was evident for being underweight (percentage weight-for-age <2 SDs of the World Health Organization–National Center for Health Statistics standards) and for having a low birth weight; the latter was also negatively related to energy. Wasting (percentage weight-for-height <2 SDs) was not related to dietary factors. These results suggest that diets that provide <22% of energy from fat and that are low in animal fats may restrict growth. The coexistence of early stunting with adult obesity in Latin America creates a dilemma for public nutrition intervention programs.
Key Words: Fat energy ratio • monounsaturated fatty acids • polyunsaturated fatty acids • HDL cholesterol • LDL cholesterol • LDL receptor • food energy • Latin America • triacylglycerols • children • total cholesterol • food balance data • formula feeding • breast-feeding • growth
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  C. Hoppe, G. S. Andersen, S. Jacobsen, C. Molgaard, H. Friis, P. T. Sangild, and K. F. Michaelsen The Use of Whey or Skimmed Milk Powder in Fortified Blended Foods for Vulnerable Groups J. Nutr., January 1, 2008; 138(1): 145S - 161S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. K. Lutter and J. A. Rivera Nutritional Status of Infants and Young Children and Characteristics of Their Diets J. Nutr., September 1, 2003; 133(9): 2941S - 2949. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Uauy and C. Castillo Lipid Requirements of Infants: Implications for Nutrient Composition of Fortified Complementary Foods J. Nutr., September 1, 2003; 133(9): 2962S - 2972. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. G. Owen, P. H. Whincup, K. Odoki, J. A. Gilg, and D. G. Cook Infant Feeding and Blood Cholesterol: A Study in Adolescents and a Systematic Review Pediatrics, September 1, 2002; 110(3): 597 - 608. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. M Prentice and A. A Paul Fat and energy needs of children in developing countries Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2000; 72 (5): 1253S - 1265S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
