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Original Research Communication |
1 From the Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lausanne, and the Nestlé Research Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Background: The pattern of substrate utilization with diets containing a high or a low proportion of unavailable and slowly digestible carbohydrates may constitute an important factor in the control, time course, and onset of hunger in humans.
Objective: We tested the hypothesis that isoenergetic diets differing only in their content of unavailable carbohydrates would result in different time courses of total, endogenous, and exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates.
Design: Two diets with either a high (H diet) or a low (L diet) content of unavailable carbohydrates were fed to 14 healthy subjects studied during two 24-h periods in a metabolic chamber. Substrate utilization was assessed by whole-body indirect calorimetry. In a subgroup of 8 subjects, endogenous and exogenous carbohydrate oxidation were assessed by prelabeling the body glycogen stores with [13C]carbohydrate. Subjective feelings of hunger were estimated with use of visual analogue scales.
Results: Total energy expenditure and substrate oxidation did not differ significantly between the 2 diets. However, there was a significant effect of diet (P = 0.03) on the carbohydrate oxidation pattern: the H diet elicited a lower and delayed rise of postprandial carbohydrate oxidation and was associated with lower hunger feelings than was the L diet. The differences in hunger scores between the 2 diets were significantly associated with the differences in the pattern of carbohydrate oxidation among diets (r = -0.67, P = 0.006). Exogenous and endogenous carbohydrate oxidation were not significantly influenced by diet.
Conclusions: The pattern of carbohydrate utilization is involved in the modulation of hunger feelings. The greater suppression of hunger after the H diet than after the L diet may be helpful, at least over the short term, in individuals attempting to better control their food intake.
Key Words: Dietary fibers • unavailable carbohydrates • dietary carbohydrates • energy expenditure • respiratory quotient • exogenous carbohydrate oxidation • stable isotopes • hunger • appetite • substrate utilization
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