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Small-bowel absorption of D-tagatose and related effects on carbohydrate digestibility: an ileostomy study^1,2,3

¹ From the Department of Clinical Nutrition, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden, and the Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Research Center, Foulum, Denmark.

Background: The ketohexose D-tagatose is a new sweetener with a low energy content. This low energy content may be due to either low absorption of the D-tagatose or decreased absorption of other nutrients.

Objective: The aims of this study were to measure the excretion of D-tagatose from the human small bowel, to calculate the apparent absorption of D-tagatose, and to study the effects of D-tagatose on the small-bowel excretion of other carbohydrates.

Design: A controlled diet was served for 2 periods of 2 d during 3 consecutive weeks to 6 ileostomy subjects. In one of the periods, 15 g D-tagatose was added to the diet daily. Duplicate portions of the diet and ileostomy effluents were freeze-dried and analyzed to calculate the apparent net absorption of D-tagatose and carbohydrates.

Results: Median D-tagatose excretion was 19% (range: 12–31%), which corresponded to a calculated apparent absorption of 81% (69–88%). Of the total amount of D-tagatose excreted [2.8 g (1.7–4.4 g)], 60% (8–88%) was excreted within 3 h. Between 3 and 5 h, 32% (11–82%) was excreted. Excretion of wet matter increased by 41% (24–52%) with D-tagatose ingestion. Sucrose and D-glucose excretion increased to a small extent, whereas no significant changes were found in the excretion of dry matter, energy, starch, or D-fructose.

Conclusions: The apparent absorption of 15 g D-tagatose/d was 81%. D-Tagatose had only a minor influence on the apparent absorption of other nutrients.

Key Words: D-Tagatose • sweetener • ketohexose • carbohydrates • ileostomy • small bowel • digestion • absorption • excretion