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American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 73, No. 1, 45-52, January 2001
© 2001 American Society for Clinical Nutrition

Original Research Communication

The coffee diterpene cafestol increases plasma triacylglycerol by increasing the production rate of large VLDL apolipoprotein B in healthy normolipidemic subjects1,2,3

Baukje de Roos, Muriel J Caslake, Anton FH Stalenhoef, Dorothy Bedford, Pierre NM Demacker, Martijn B Katan and Chris J Packard

1 From the Division of Human Nutrition and Epidemiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; the Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom; and the Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands.

Background: Cafestol is a diterpene in unfiltered coffee that raises plasma triacylglycerol in humans.

Objective: We studied whether cafestol increases plasma triacylglycerol by increasing the production rate or by decreasing the fractional catabolic rate of VLDL1 [Svedberg flotation unit (Sf) 60–400] apolipoprotein (apo) B. In addition, we studied the effect of cafestol on the composition of VLDL1 and VLDL2 (Sf 20–60).

Design: Eight healthy normolipidemic men were administered a daily dose of 75 mg cafestol for 2 wk. A bolus injection of 7 mg L-[5,5,5-2H3]leucine/kg body wt was given after a baseline period with no cafestol and again after treatment with cafestol. We derived kinetic constants to describe the metabolism of VLDL1 apo B by using a multicompartmental model.

Results: Cafestol significantly increased plasma triacylglycerol by 31% or 0.32 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.03, 0.61); the increase was due mainly to a nonsignificant rise in VLDL1 triacylglycerol of 57% or 0.23 mmol/L (95% CI: -0.02, 0.48). Cafestol significantly increased the mean rate of VLDL1 apo B production by 80% or 755 mg/d (95% CI: 0.2, 5353), whereas it did not significantly change the mean fractional catabolic rate of VLDL1 apo B (mean increase of 3 pools/d; 95% CI: -4, 10]). Cafestol did not change the composition of VLDL1. A significant increase in the ratio of VLDL2 cholesteryl ester to triacylglycerol indicates that VLDL2 became enriched with cholesteryl esters at the cost of triacylglycerol.

Conclusion: Cafestol increases plasma triacylglycerol by increasing the production rate of VLDL1 apo B, probably via increased assembly of VLDL1 in the liver.

Key Words: Healthy men • cafestol • VLDL1 apolipoprotein B • catabolism • VLDL composition • unfiltered coffee • cafetière coffee • French-press coffee • triacylglycerol • triglyceride






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