HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Vidon, C. Articles by Beylot, M. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Vidon, C. Articles by Beylot, M. Agricola Articles by Vidon, C. Articles by Beylot, M.

Effects of isoenergetic high-carbohydrate compared with high-fat diets on human cholesterol synthesis and expression of key regulatory genes of cholesterol metabolism^1,2,3

¹ From INSERM U 499, Universitè RTH Laennec, Laboratoire de Biochimie and the Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Hôpital E Herriot, Lyon, France.

Background: High-carbohydrate diets improve plasma cholesterol concentrations but increase triacylglycerol concentrations; the latter effect increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Triacylglycerol concentrations increase only during very-high-carbohydrate diets consisting mainly of simple sugars.

Objective: We compared the CVD risk profile, cholesterol metabolism, and glucose tolerance of 7 healthy subjects during 2 isoenergetic diets: a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet (HF diet) and a moderately high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet (HC diet).

Design: In a randomized crossover study, we measured the effects of the HF diet [40% carbohydrate and 45% fat (15% saturated, 15% monounsaturated, and 15% polyunsaturated)] and HC diet [55% carbohydrate (mainly complex) and 30% fat (10% saturated, 10% monounsaturated, and 10% polyunsaturated)] (3 wk each) on plasma lipid concentrations, oral glucose tolerance, cholesterol synthesis rate, and the messenger RNA (mRNA) concentrations of ß-hydroxy-ß-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, the LDL receptor, and the LDL-receptor-related protein (LRP).

Results: Compared with the HF diet, the HC diet lowered total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol (P < 0.05 for all) without modifying the ratio of LDL to HDL cholesterol; triacylglycerol concentrations were unchanged. Lower cholesterol concentrations occurred despite a higher cholesterol synthesis rate (P < 0.05) and higher HMG-CoA reductase mRNA concentrations (P < 0.05). LDL receptor mRNA concentrations were unchanged, LRP mRNA concentrations were lower (P < 0.01), and oral glucose tolerance was better (P < 0.05) with the HC diet.

Conclusion: The beneficial effects of the HC diet on glucose tolerance and plasma cholesterol concentrations without increases in triacylglycerol show that this diet had favorable effects on both insulin sensitivity and the plasma lipid profile.

Key Words: Triacylglycerol • atherosclerosis • cardiovascular disease • cholesterol synthesis • HDL cholesterol • LDL cholesterol • LDL-receptor-related protein • LDL receptor • ß-hydroxy-ß-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase • messenger RNA • glucose tolerance • high-carbohydrate diet • stable isotopes

This article has been cited by other articles:

				S. G. Aldana, R. L. Greenlaw, H. A. Diehl, R. M. Merrill, A. Salberg, and H. Englert A video-based lifestyle intervention and changes in coronary risk Health Educ. Res., February 1, 2008; 23(1): 115 - 124. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Pocathikorn, R. R. Taylor, I. James, and C. D. S. Mamotte LDL-Receptor mRNA Expression in Men Is Downregulated within an Hour of an Acute Fat Load and Is Influenced by Genetic Polymorphism J. Nutr., September 1, 2007; 137(9): 2062 - 2067. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M.-P. St-Onge, I. Aban, A. Bosarge, B. Gower, K. D Hecker, and D. B Allison Snack chips fried in corn oil alleviate cardiovascular disease risk factors when substituted for low-fat or high-fat snacks Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2007; 85(6): 1503 - 1510. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Hishikawa, Y.-H. Hong, S.-g. Roh, H. Miyahara, Y. Nishimura, A. Tomimatsu, H. Tsuzuki, C. Gotoh, M. Kuno, K.-C. Choi, et al. Identification of genes expressed differentially in subcutaneous and visceral fat of cattle, pig, and mouse Physiol Genomics, May 11, 2005; 21(3): 343 - 350. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Letexier, C. Pinteur, V. Large, V. Frering, and M. Beylot Comparison of the expression and activity of the lipogenic pathway in human and rat adipose tissue J. Lipid Res., November 1, 2003; 44(11): 2127 - 2134. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. K Fried and S. P Rao Sugars, hypertriglyceridemia, and cardiovascular disease Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, October 1, 2003; 78(4): 873S - 880. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Cachefo, P. Boucher, E. Dusserre, P. Bouletreau, M. Beylot, and C. Chambrier Stimulation of cholesterol synthesis and hepatic lipogenesis in patients with severe malabsorption J. Lipid Res., July 1, 2003; 44(7): 1349 - 1354. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. J. Yang, J. M Kerver, Y. K. Park, J. Kayitsinga, D. B Allison, and W. O Song Carbohydrate intake and biomarkers of glycemic control among US adults: the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2003; 77(6): 1426 - 1433. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Letexier, F. Diraison, and M. Beylot Addition of inulin to a moderately high-carbohydrate diet reduces hepatic lipogenesis and plasma triacylglycerol concentrations in humans Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, March 1, 2003; 77(3): 559 - 564. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Vega-Lopez, H. C. Freake, and M. L. Fernandez Sex and Hormonal Status Modulate the Effects of Psyllium on Plasma Lipids and Monocyte Gene Expression in Humans J. Nutr., January 1, 2003; 133(1): 67 - 70. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Forcheron, A. Cachefo, S. Thevenon, C. Pinteur, and M. Beylot Mechanisms of the Triglyceride- and Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Fenofibrate in Hyperlipidemic Type 2 Diabetic Patients Diabetes, December 1, 2002; 51(12): 3486 - 3491. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Endo, Z. Fu, K. Abe, S. Arai, and H. Kato Dietary Protein Quantity and Quality Affect Rat Hepatic Gene Expression J. Nutr., December 1, 2002; 132(12): 3632 - 3637. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. J. Davies, D. J. Baer, J. T. Judd, E. D. Brown, W. S. Campbell, and P. R. Taylor Effects of Moderate Alcohol Intake on Fasting Insulin and Glucose Concentrations and Insulin Sensitivity in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial JAMA, May 15, 2002; 287(19): 2559 - 2562. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]