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Inverse association between trans isomeric and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in cord blood lipids of full-term infants^1,2,3

¹ From the Department of Paediatrics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary, and the Research Department, Milupa GmbH, Salzburg, Austria.

Background: Previous studies showed significant inverse correlations between values of trans isomeric and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasma lipids of preterm infants and healthy children aged 1–15 y.

Objective: We sought to evaluate the same correlations in full-term infants at birth.

Design: We studied healthy full-term infants (n = 42) born after normal pregnancies and deliveries. All infants had a family history of atopy (both parents or one of the parents and a sibling had atopic symptoms). The fatty acid composition of venous cord blood lipids was determined by high-resolution capillary gas-liquid chromatography.

Results: The mean (±SEM) sum of trans fatty acids was 0.49 ± 0.02% by wt in phospholipids, 2.47 ± 0.20% by wt in cholesterol esters, 1.73 ± 0.09% by wt in triacylglycerols, and 1.59 ± 0.07% by wt in nonesterified fatty acids. Linear correlation analysis showed significant inverse correlations between the sum of trans fatty acids and both arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in phospholipids (r = –0.56, P < 0.001, and r = –0.48, P = 0.01, respectively), cholesterol esters (r = –0.52, P < 0.001, and r = –0.39, P = 0.018, respectively), and nonesterified fatty acids (r = –0.41, P = 0.007, and r = –0.41, P = 0.006, respectively).

Conclusion: Because trans fatty acids in the fetal circulation must originate from the maternal diet, our results indicate that maternal exposure to trans fatty acids may represent a previously neglected variable that inversely influences long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid status in full-term infants at birth.

Key Words: Arachidonic acid • cord blood • docosahexaenoic acid • full-term infant • long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid • trans fatty acid • maternal diet • maternal nutrition • prenatal nutrition • pregnancy

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