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Original Research Communication |
-Linolenic acid intake is not beneficially associated with 10-y risk of coronary artery disease incidence: the Zutphen Elderly Study1,2,3
1 From the Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology and the Division of Public Health Research, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands; and the Department of Human Nutrition and Epidemiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.
Background: Data on the relation between 
-linolenic acid intake and coronary artery disease (CAD) are limited. Other dietary components appear to modify the reported relation between -linolenic acid intake and CAD.
Objective: We examined whether dietary -linolenic acid intake was inversely associated with risk of CAD.
Design: We prospectively studied 667 men aged 64–84 y from the Zutphen Elderly Study who were free of CAD at baseline. Dietary intake was assessed by using a cross-check dietary history method.
Results: During the 10-y follow-up, we documented 98 cases of CAD. After adjustment for age, standard coronary risk factors, and intake of trans fatty acids and other nutrients, -linolenic acid intake was not significantly associated with CAD risk. The relative risk of CAD for the highest compared with the lowest tertile of -linolenic acid intake was 1.68 (95% CI: 0.86, 3.29). -Linolenic acid intake from sources containing trans fatty acids was also nonsignificantly, yet positively, associated with CAD risk. -Linolenic acid intake from foods that did not contain trans fatty acids was not associated with CAD risk, the relative risk of CAD for the highest compared with the lowest tertile was 1.15 (95% CI: 0.63, 2.11).
Conclusion: We did not observe a beneficial effect of dietary -linolenic acid intake on the risk of 10-y CAD incidence. Investigating this hypothesis was complicated by the association between intakes of -linolenic acid and trans fatty acids. Given the results of current prospective studies, a protective cardiac effect of -linolenic acid is questionable.
Key Words: Coronary artery disease • diet • fatty acids • unsaturated fatty acids • cohort studies • -linolenic acid • trans fatty acids • Zutphen Elderly Study • men
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