| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Special Article |
1 From the Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, and the Lipid and Heart Disease Prevention Program, New England Medical Center, Boston.
This article reviews the current status of our knowledge of lipoproteins, nutrition, and coronary heart disease (CHD). Special emphasis is placed on CHD risk assessment, dietary intervention studies, diet-gene interactions, and current dietary guidelines and the contributions of my laboratory to these areas. CHD remains a major cause of death and disability, and risk factors include age, sex, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, elevated serum LDL cholesterol, and low HDL cholesterol. Emerging independent risk factors include elevated serum concentrations of lipoprotein(a), remnant lipoproteins, and homocysteine. The cornerstone of CHD prevention is lifestyle modification. Dietary intervention studies support the concepts that restricting saturated fat and cholesterol and increasing the intake of essential fatty acids, especially n — 3 fatty acids, reduces CHD risk. The variability in LDL-cholesterol response to diet is large, related in part to APOE and APOA4 genotype. The use of antioxidants in intervention studies has not been shown to reduce CHD risk. Compliance with dietary recommendations remains a major problem, and directly altering the food supply may be the most effective way to ensure compliance. The available data indicate that the recommendation to use fats, oils, and sugars sparingly for CHD prevention should be modified to a recommendation to use animal, dairy, and hydrogenated fats; tropical oils; egg yolks; and sugars sparingly and to increase the use of vegetables, fruit, and whole grains.
Key Words: Coronary heart disease • lipoproteins • LDL cholesterol • HDL cholesterol • VLDL cholesterol • lipoprotein(a) • apolipoproteins • cholesterol • triacylglycerol • fatty acids • dietary recommendations
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  P. L. Lutsey, L. M. Steffen, and J. Stevens Dietary Intake and the Development of the Metabolic Syndrome: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study Circulation, February 12, 2008; 117(6): 754 - 761. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. S. Kelley, D. Siegel, M. Vemuri, G. H. Chung, and B. E. Mackey Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation Decreases Remnant-Like Particle-Cholesterol and Increases the (n-3) Index in Hypertriglyceridemic Men J. Nutr., January 1, 2008; 138(1): 30 - 35. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Muzio, L. Mondazzi, W. S Harris, D. Sommariva, and A. Branchi Effects of moderate variations in the macronutrient content of the diet on cardiovascular disease risk factors in obese patients with the metabolic syndrome Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, October 1, 2007; 86(4): 946 - 951. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. P. Bogers, W. J. E. Bemelmans, R. T. Hoogenveen, H. C. Boshuizen, M. Woodward, P. Knekt, R. M. van Dam, F. B. Hu, T. L. S. Visscher, A. Menotti, et al. Association of Overweight With Increased Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Partly Independent of Blood Pressure and Cholesterol Levels: A Meta-analysis of 21 Cohort Studies Including More Than 300 000 Persons Arch Intern Med, September 10, 2007; 167(16): 1720 - 1728. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. S Kelley, D. Siegel, M. Vemuri, and B. E Mackey Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation improves fasting and postprandial lipid profiles in hypertriglyceridemic men Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2007; 86(2): 324 - 333. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. A. Liou, D. J. King, D. Zibrik, and S. M. Innis Decreasing Linoleic Acid with Constant {alpha}-Linolenic Acid in Dietary Fats Increases (n-3) Eicosapentaenoic Acid in Plasma Phospholipids in Healthy Men J. Nutr., April 1, 2007; 137(4): 945 - 952. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. J. Melanson Dietary Factors in Reducing Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, January 1, 2007; 1(1): 24 - 28. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. H. R. Barrett, D. C. Chan, and G. F. Watts Thematic review series: Patient-Oriented Research. Design and analysis of lipoprotein tracer kinetics studies in humans J. Lipid Res., August 1, 2006; 47(8): 1607 - 1619. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. T. Raitakari, T. Ronnemaa, M. J. Jarvisalo, T. Kaitosaari, I. Volanen, K. Kallio, H. Lagstrom, E. Jokinen, H. Niinikoski, J. S.A. Viikari, et al. Endothelial Function in Healthy 11-Year-Old Children After Dietary Intervention With Onset in Infancy: The Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project for Children (STRIP) Circulation, December 13, 2005; 112(24): 3786 - 3794. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Rothenbacher, H. Brenner, W. Marz, and W. Koenig Adiponectin, risk of coronary heart disease and correlations with cardiovascular risk markers Eur. Heart J., August 2, 2005; 26(16): 1640 - 1646. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. L. Zern, R. J. Wood, C. Greene, K. L. West, Y. Liu, D. Aggarwal, N. S. Shachter, and M. L. Fernandez Grape Polyphenols Exert a Cardioprotective Effect in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women by Lowering Plasma Lipids and Reducing Oxidative Stress J. Nutr., August 1, 2005; 135(8): 1911 - 1917. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B.-H. Chung, B. S. Cho, P. Liang, S. Doran, L. Osterlund, R. A Oster, B. Darnell, and F. Franklin Contribution of postprandial lipemia to the dietary fat-mediated changes in endogenous lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations in humans Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2004; 80(5): 1145 - 1158. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Song, M. J. Stampfer, and S. Liu Meta-Analysis: Apolipoprotein E Genotypes and Risk for Coronary Heart Disease Ann Intern Med, July 20, 2004; 141(2): 137 - 147. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Lofgren, K. Herron, T. Zern, K. West, M. Patalay, N. S. Shachter, S. I. Koo, and M. L. Fernandez Waist Circumference Is a Better Predictor than Body Mass Index of Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Overweight Premenopausal Women J. Nutr., May 1, 2004; 134(5): 1071 - 1076. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Bauer, A. C. Hamm, M. Bonaus, A. Jacob, J. Jaekel, H. Schorle, M. J. Pankratz, and J. D. Katzenberger Starvation response in mouse liver shows strong correlation with life-span-prolonging processes Physiol Genomics, April 13, 2004; 17(2): 230 - 244. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Kaput and R. L. Rodriguez Nutritional genomics: the next frontier in the postgenomic era Physiol Genomics, January 15, 2004; 16(2): 166 - 177. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Ross-Flanigan Greasing Aging's Downward Slide Sci. Aging Knowl. Environ., October 15, 2003; 2003(41): ns6 - 6. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. L. Zern, K. L. West, and M. L. Fernandez Grape Polyphenols Decrease Plasma Triglycerides and Cholesterol Accumulation in the Aorta of Ovariectomized Guinea Pigs J. Nutr., July 1, 2003; 133(7): 2268 - 2272. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. J. Yang, J. M Kerver, Y. K. Park, J. Kayitsinga, D. B Allison, and W. O Song Carbohydrate intake and biomarkers of glycemic control among US adults: the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2003; 77(6): 1426 - 1433. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. A. Kreisberg and A. Oberman Medical Management of Hyperlipidemia/Dyslipidemia J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2003; 88(6): 2445 - 2461. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. D. Foster, H. R. Wyatt, J. O. Hill, B. G. McGuckin, C. Brill, B. S. Mohammed, P. O. Szapary, D. J. Rader, J. S. Edman, and S. Klein A Randomized Trial of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet for Obesity N. Engl. J. Med., May 22, 2003; 348(21): 2082 - 2090. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Soinio, M. Laakso, S. Lehto, P. Hakala, and T. Ronnemaa Dietary Fat Predicts Coronary Heart Disease Events in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes Care, March 1, 2003; 26(3): 619 - 624. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Kantarci and T. E. Van Dyke LIPOXINSIN CHRONIC INFLAMMATION Crit. Rev. Oral. Biol. Med., January 1, 2003; 14(1): 4 - 12. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
