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Original Research Communication |
1 From the Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Madrid (MTM, AP, SS, PM, and JAGG), and the Institut Pasteur, INSERM Unité 325, Lille, France (JCF and GRC).
Background: The fatty acid content and saturation degree of the diet can modulate HDL composition and cholesterol efflux.
Objective: We studied the modifications in plasma lipoprotein particles and serum capacity to stimulate cholesterol efflux induced by different fatty acids.
Design: Seventeen women and 24 men followed in the same sequence 4 diets containing 35% of total energy as fat. The saturated fat diet contained 17% palm oil; the monounsaturated fat diet, 20.9% olive oil; the n-6 polyunsaturated fat diet, 12.5% sunflower oil; and the n-3 polyunsaturated fat diet, sunflower oil supplemented with 4–4.5 g fish oil/d. Each phase lasted 4–5 wk.
Results: In both sexes, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I concentrations were significantly lower with unsaturated fat diets than with the saturated fat diet, but concentrations of lipoproteins containing only apo A-I (Lp A-I) were lower only in the men. Concentrations of lipoproteins containing both apo A-I and apo A-II (Lp A-I:A-II) were lower with both polyunsaturated fat diets in the women but significantly higher in the men. Lp E concentrations were significantly higher with the 2 polyunsaturated fat diets. Lp E non–B particle concentrations were not modified in the men but were significantly higher in the women in both polyunsaturated fat phases. Lp C-III concentrations were higher with the saturated fat diet only in the men. The serum samples taken after the n-3 polyunsaturated fat phase were the most efficient for extracting cellular cholesterol in both sexes.
Conclusions: The monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat diets were healthier, producing a better lipid profile. The n-3 polyunsaturated fat diet increased the capacity of serum to promote the efflux of cholesterol from cells in culture.
Key Words: Diet • fatty acid • lipid • lipoprotein particle • cholesterol efflux • reverse cholesterol transport • HDL • LDL • saturated fat • polyunsaturated fat • monounsaturated fat
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