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Original Research Communication |
1 From the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet and Human Performance Laboratory, Beltsville, MD (JMC and JLS); the University of Minnesota, Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Minneapolis (DRJ Jr); the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Cancer Prevention Research Program, Seattle (MLI); and the University of South Carolina, School of Public Health, Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Exercise Science, Columbia (BEA).
Background: Various methods are used by epidemiologists to estimate the energy cost of physical activity; these include physical activity records and recalls. However, there is limited validation of these methods against the doubly labeled water technique for determining energy expenditure (EE).
Objective: We compared EE as estimated by indirect methods (physical activity records and recall questionnaires) used in epidemiologic studies with EE obtained from doubly labeled water (EEDLW) in free-living men.
Design: We determined EEDLW, energy intake at weight maintenance, and EE from 7-d physical activity records (EERecord) and a 7-d physical activity recall questionnaire (EERecall) in 24 men aged 41 ± 2.0 y (
± SEM) with a body mass index (in kg/m2) of 25.1 ± 0.5.
Results: There was excellent agreement between EEDLW (13.27 ± 0.35 MJ/d) and energy intake (13.19 ± 0.36 MJ/d), with a difference of 0.5 ± 1.0% ( ± SE). The indirect measures of physical activity and EE were 14.17 ± 0.37 MJ/d for EERecord (difference from EEDLW: 7.9 ± 3.2%) and 17.40 ± 1.45 MJ/d for EERecall (difference from EEDLW: 30.6 ± 9.9%).
Conclusions: Seven-day physical activity records provide an acceptable estimate of EE in free-living adults compared with EEDLW, but 7-d physical activity recalls have limited application to estimate daily EE. For optimal validity, the 7-d physical activity records require good subject compliance and the provision of careful instructions for their use.
Key Words: Exercise • energy intake • Stanford 7-d physical activity questionnaire • physical activity records • physical activity recall • doubly labeled water • basal metabolic rate • men
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