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Original Research Communication |
1 From the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD (DJB, JTJ, BAC, and EDB); the Lipid Research Clinic, the George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC (RAM); and the Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (WSC and PRT).
Background: Moderate alcohol consumption (1–2 drinks/d) may decrease cardiovascular disease risk in postmenopausal women by improving lipid profiles.
Objective: We measured the effect of moderate alcohol consumption on lipids and lipoproteins in postmenopausal women.
Design: Postmenopausal women (n = 51) consumed 0 (control), 15 (1 drink), and 30 (2 drinks) g alcohol (ethanol)/d for 8 wk each as part of a controlled diet in a randomized crossover design. The control diet provided 
15%, 53%, and 32% of energy from protein, carbohydrate, and fat, respectively. The energy provided from alcohol in the 15- and 30-g alcohol diets was replaced with energy from carbohydrate.
Results: Compared with concentrations after the control diet, plasma LDL cholesterol decreased from 3.45 to 3.34 mmol/L (P = 0.04) and triacylglycerol from 1.43 to 1.34 mmol/L (P = 0.05) after 15 g alcohol/d. There were no additional significant decreases in either lipid after an increase in alcohol intake from 15 to 30 g/d. Compared with concentrations after the control diet, plasma HDL cholesterol increased nonsignificantly from 1.40 to 1.43 mmol/L after 15 g alcohol/d but increased to 1.48 mmol/L after 30 g alcohol/d (P = 0.02). Apolipoprotein A-I increased significantly and apolipoprotein B decreased significantly after 30 g alcohol/d relative to the concentration after the control diet.
Conclusions: Consumption of 15–30 g alcohol/d by postmenopausal women apparently decreases cardiovascular disease risk by improving lipid profiles. Plasma LDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations improve after 15 g alcohol/d; plasma HDL cholesterol improves only after 30 g alcohol/d.
Key Words: Alcohol • LDL cholesterol • HDL cholesterol • triacylglycerols • postmenopausal women • triglycerides • cardiovascular disease
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